G4Material.cc

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// 26-06-96, Code uses operators (+=, *=, ++, -> etc.) correctly, P. Urban
// 10-07-96, new data members added by L.Urban
// 12-12-96, new data memberfFreeElecDensitys added by L.Urban
// 20-01-97, aesthetic rearrangement. RadLength calculation modified.
//           Data members Zeff and Aeff REMOVED (i.e. passed to the Elements).
//           (local definition of Zeff in DensityEffect and FluctModel...)
//           Vacuum defined as a G4State. Mixture flag removed, M.Maire.
// 29-01-97, State=Vacuum automatically set density=0 in the contructors.
//           Subsequent protections have been put in the calculation of
//           MeanExcEnergy, ShellCorrectionVector, DensityEffect, M.Maire.
// 11-02-97, ComputeDensityEffect() rearranged, M.Maire.
// 20-03-97, corrected initialization of pointers, M.Maire.
// 28-05-98, the kState=kVacuum has been removed.
//           automatic check for a minimal density, M.Maire
// 12-06-98, new method AddMaterial() allowing mixture of materials, M.Maire
// 09-07-98, ionisation parameters removed from the class, M.Maire
// 05-10-98, change names: NumDensity -> NbOfAtomsPerVolume
// 18-11-98, new interface to SandiaTable
// 19-01-99  enlarge tolerance on test of coherence of gas conditions
// 19-07-99, Constructors with chemicalFormula added by V.Ivanchenko
// 16-01-01, Nuclear interaction length, M.Maire
// 12-03-01, G4bool fImplicitElement;
//           copy constructor and assignement operator revised (mma)
// 03-05-01, flux.precision(prec) at begin/end of operator<<
// 17-07-01, migration to STL. M. Verderi.
// 14-09-01, Suppression of the data member fIndexInTable
// 26-02-02, fIndexInTable renewed
// 16-04-02, G4Exception put in constructor with chemical formula
// 06-05-02, remove the check of the ideal gas state equation
// 06-08-02, remove constructors with chemical formula (mma)
// 22-01-04, proper STL handling of theElementVector (Hisaya)
// 30-03-05, warning in GetMaterial(materialName)
// 09-03-06, minor change of printout (V.Ivanchenko)
// 10-01-07, compute fAtomVector in the case of mass fraction (V.Ivanchenko)
// 27-07-07, improve destructor (V.Ivanchenko)
// 18-10-07, moved definition of mat index to InitialisePointers (V.Ivanchenko)
// 13-08-08, do not use fixed size arrays (V.Ivanchenko)
// 26-10-11, new scheme for G4Exception  (mma)
// 13-04-12, map<G4Material*,G4double> fMatComponents, filled in AddMaterial()
// 21-04-12, fMassOfMolecule, computed for AtomsCount (mma)
 
#include "G4Material.hh"
 
#include "G4ApplicationState.hh"
#include "G4AtomicShells.hh"
#include "G4ExtendedMaterial.hh"
#include "G4Pow.hh"
#include "G4NistManager.hh"
#include "G4PhysicalConstants.hh"
#include "G4StateManager.hh"
#include "G4SystemOfUnits.hh"
#include "G4UnitsTable.hh"
 
#include <iomanip>
 
//....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo......
 
// Constructor to create a material from scratch
 
G4Material::G4Material(const G4String& name, G4double z, G4double a, G4double density,
  G4State state, G4double temp, G4double pressure)
  : fName(name)
{
  InitializePointers();
 
  if (density < universe_mean_density) {
    G4cout << " G4Material WARNING:"
           << " define a material with density=0 is not allowed. \n"
           << " The material " << name << " will be constructed with the"
           << " default minimal density: " << universe_mean_density / (g / cm3) << "g/cm3"
           << G4endl;
    density = universe_mean_density;
  }
 
  fDensity = density;
  fState = state;
  fTemp = temp;
  fPressure = pressure;
 
  // Initialize theElementVector allocating one
  // element corresponding to this material
  fNbComponents = fNumberOfElements = 1;
  theElementVector = new G4ElementVector();
 
  // take element from DB
  G4NistManager* nist = G4NistManager::Instance();
  G4int iz = G4lrint(z);
  auto elm = nist->FindOrBuildElement(iz);
  if (elm == nullptr) {
    elm = new G4Element("ELM_" + name, name, z, a);
  }
  theElementVector->push_back(elm);
 
  fMassFractionVector = new G4double[1];
  fMassFractionVector[0] = 1.;
  fMassOfMolecule = a / CLHEP::Avogadro;
 
  if (fState == kStateUndefined) {
    if (fDensity > kGasThreshold) {
      fState = kStateSolid;
    }
    else {
      fState = kStateGas;
    }
  }
 
  ComputeDerivedQuantities();
}
 
//....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo......
 
// Constructor to create a material from a List of constituents
// (elements and/or materials)  added with AddElement or AddMaterial
 
G4Material::G4Material(const G4String& name, G4double density, G4int nComponents, G4State state,
  G4double temp, G4double pressure)
  : fName(name)
{
  InitializePointers();
 
  if (density < universe_mean_density) {
    G4cout << "--- Warning from G4Material::G4Material()"
           << " define a material with density=0 is not allowed. \n"
           << " The material " << name << " will be constructed with the"
           << " default minimal density: " << universe_mean_density / (g / cm3) << "g/cm3"
           << G4endl;
    density = universe_mean_density;
  }
 
  fDensity = density;
  fState = state;
  fTemp = temp;
  fPressure = pressure;
 
  fNbComponents = nComponents;
  fMassFraction = true;
 
  if (fState == kStateUndefined) {
    if (fDensity > kGasThreshold) {
      fState = kStateSolid;
    }
    else {
      fState = kStateGas;
    }
  }
}
 
//....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo......
 
// Constructor to create a material from base material
 
G4Material::G4Material(const G4String& name, G4double density, const G4Material* bmat,
  G4State state, G4double temp, G4double pressure)
  : fName(name)
{
  InitializePointers();
 
  if (density < universe_mean_density) {
    G4cout << "--- Warning from G4Material::G4Material()"
           << " define a material with density=0 is not allowed. \n"
           << " The material " << name << " will be constructed with the"
           << " default minimal density: " << universe_mean_density / (g / cm3) << "g/cm3"
           << G4endl;
    density = universe_mean_density;
  }
 
  fDensity = density;
  fState = state;
  fTemp = temp;
  fPressure = pressure;
 
  fBaseMaterial = bmat;
  auto ptr = bmat;
  if (nullptr != ptr) {
    while (true) {
      ptr = ptr->GetBaseMaterial();
      if (nullptr == ptr) {
        break;
      }
      fBaseMaterial = ptr;
    }
  }
 
  fChemicalFormula = fBaseMaterial->GetChemicalFormula();
  fMassOfMolecule = fBaseMaterial->GetMassOfMolecule();
 
  fNumberOfElements = (G4int)fBaseMaterial->GetNumberOfElements();
  fNbComponents = fNumberOfElements;
 
  CopyPointersOfBaseMaterial();
}
 
//....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo......
 
G4Material::~G4Material()
{
  if (fBaseMaterial == nullptr) {
    delete theElementVector;
    delete fSandiaTable;
    delete[] fMassFractionVector;
    delete[] fAtomsVector;
  }
  delete fIonisation;
  delete[] fVecNbOfAtomsPerVolume;
 
  // Remove this material from the MaterialTable.
  //
  (*GetMaterialTable())[fIndexInTable] = nullptr;
}
 
//....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo......
 
void G4Material::InitializePointers()
{
  fBaseMaterial = nullptr;
  fMaterialPropertiesTable = nullptr;
  theElementVector = nullptr;
  fAtomsVector = nullptr;
  fMassFractionVector = nullptr;
  fVecNbOfAtomsPerVolume = nullptr;
 
  fIonisation = nullptr;
  fSandiaTable = nullptr;
 
  fDensity = fFreeElecDensity = fTemp = fPressure = 0.0;
  fTotNbOfAtomsPerVolume = 0.0;
  fTotNbOfElectPerVolume = 0.0;
  fRadlen = fNuclInterLen = fMassOfMolecule = 0.0;
 
  fState = kStateUndefined;
  fNumberOfElements = fNbComponents = fIdxComponent = 0;
  fMassFraction = true;
  fChemicalFormula = "";
 
  // Store in the static Table of Materials
  fIndexInTable = GetMaterialTable()->size();
  for (std::size_t i = 0; i < fIndexInTable; ++i) {
    if ((*GetMaterialTable())[i]->GetName() == fName) {
      G4cout << "G4Material WARNING: duplicate name of material " << fName << G4endl;
      break;
    }
  }
  GetMaterialTable()->push_back(this);
}
 
//....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo......
 
void G4Material::ComputeDerivedQuantities()
{
  // Header routine to compute various properties of material.
  //
  // Number of atoms per volume (per element), total nb of electrons per volume
  G4double Zi, Ai;
  fTotNbOfAtomsPerVolume = 0.;
  delete[] fVecNbOfAtomsPerVolume;
  fVecNbOfAtomsPerVolume = new G4double[fNumberOfElements];
  fTotNbOfElectPerVolume = 0.;
  fFreeElecDensity = 0.;
  const G4double elecTh = 15. * CLHEP::eV;  // threshold for conductivity e-
  for (G4int i = 0; i < fNumberOfElements; ++i) {
    Zi = (*theElementVector)[i]->GetZ();
    Ai = (*theElementVector)[i]->GetA();
    fVecNbOfAtomsPerVolume[i] = Avogadro * fDensity * fMassFractionVector[i] / Ai;
    fTotNbOfAtomsPerVolume += fVecNbOfAtomsPerVolume[i];
    fTotNbOfElectPerVolume += fVecNbOfAtomsPerVolume[i] * Zi;
    if (fState != kStateGas) {
      fFreeElecDensity +=
        fVecNbOfAtomsPerVolume[i] * G4AtomicShells::GetNumberOfFreeElectrons(Zi, elecTh);
    }
  }
 
  ComputeRadiationLength();
  ComputeNuclearInterLength();
 
  if (fIonisation == nullptr) {
    fIonisation = new G4IonisParamMat(this);
  }
  if (fSandiaTable == nullptr) {
    fSandiaTable = new G4SandiaTable(this);
  }
}
 
//....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo......
 
void G4Material::CopyPointersOfBaseMaterial()
{
  G4double factor = fDensity / fBaseMaterial->GetDensity();
  fTotNbOfAtomsPerVolume = factor * fBaseMaterial->GetTotNbOfAtomsPerVolume();
  fTotNbOfElectPerVolume = factor * fBaseMaterial->GetTotNbOfElectPerVolume();
  fFreeElecDensity = factor * fBaseMaterial->GetFreeElectronDensity();
 
  if (fState == kStateUndefined) {
    fState = fBaseMaterial->GetState();
  }
 
  theElementVector = const_cast<G4ElementVector*>(fBaseMaterial->GetElementVector());
  fMassFractionVector = const_cast<G4double*>(fBaseMaterial->GetFractionVector());
  fAtomsVector = const_cast<G4int*>(fBaseMaterial->GetAtomsVector());
 
  const G4double* v = fBaseMaterial->GetVecNbOfAtomsPerVolume();
  delete[] fVecNbOfAtomsPerVolume;
  fVecNbOfAtomsPerVolume = new G4double[fNumberOfElements];
  for (G4int i = 0; i < fNumberOfElements; ++i) {
    fVecNbOfAtomsPerVolume[i] = factor * v[i];
  }
  fRadlen = fBaseMaterial->GetRadlen() / factor;
  fNuclInterLen = fBaseMaterial->GetNuclearInterLength() / factor;
 
  if (fIonisation == nullptr) {
    fIonisation = new G4IonisParamMat(this);
  }
  fIonisation->SetMeanExcitationEnergy(fBaseMaterial->GetIonisation()->GetMeanExcitationEnergy());
  if (fBaseMaterial->GetIonisation()->GetDensityEffectCalculator() != nullptr) {
    ComputeDensityEffectOnFly(true);
  }
 
  fSandiaTable = fBaseMaterial->GetSandiaTable();
  fMaterialPropertiesTable = fBaseMaterial->GetMaterialPropertiesTable();
}
 
//....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo......
 
void G4Material::AddElementByNumberOfAtoms(const G4Element* elm, G4int nAtoms)
{
  // perform checks consistency
  if (0 == fIdxComponent) {
    fMassFraction = false;
    fAtoms = new std::vector<G4int>;
    fElm = new std::vector<const G4Element*>;
  }
  if (fIdxComponent >= fNbComponents) {
    G4ExceptionDescription ed;
    ed << "For material " << fName << " and added element " << elm->GetName()
       << " with Natoms=" << nAtoms
       << " wrong attempt to add more than the declared number of elements " << fIdxComponent
       << " >= " << fNbComponents;
    G4Exception("G4Material::AddElementByNumberOfAtoms()", "mat031", FatalException, ed, "");
  }
  if (fMassFraction) {
    G4ExceptionDescription ed;
    ed << "For material " << fName << " and added element " << elm->GetName()
       << " with Natoms=" << nAtoms << " problem: cannot add by number of atoms after "
       << "addition of elements by mass fraction";
    G4Exception("G4Material::AddElementByNumberOfAtoms()", "mat031", FatalException, ed, "");
  }
  if (0 >= nAtoms) {
    G4ExceptionDescription ed;
    ed << "For material " << fName << " and added element " << elm->GetName()
       << " with Natoms=" << nAtoms << " problem: number of atoms should be above zero";
    G4Exception("G4Material::AddElementByNumberOfAtoms()", "mat031", FatalException, ed, "");
  }
 
  // filling
  G4bool isAdded = false;
  if (! fElm->empty()) {
    for (G4int i = 0; i < fNumberOfElements; ++i) {
      if (elm == (*fElm)[i]) {
        (*fAtoms)[i] += nAtoms;
        isAdded = true;
        break;
      }
    }
  }
  if (! isAdded) {
    fElm->push_back(elm);
    fAtoms->push_back(nAtoms);
    ++fNumberOfElements;
  }
  ++fIdxComponent;
 
  // is filled - complete composition of atoms
  if (fIdxComponent == fNbComponents) {
    theElementVector = new G4ElementVector();
    theElementVector->reserve(fNumberOfElements);
    fAtomsVector = new G4int[fNumberOfElements];
    fMassFractionVector = new G4double[fNumberOfElements];
 
    G4double Amol = 0.;
    for (G4int i = 0; i < fNumberOfElements; ++i) {
      theElementVector->push_back((*fElm)[i]);
      fAtomsVector[i] = (*fAtoms)[i];
      G4double w = fAtomsVector[i] * (*fElm)[i]->GetA();
      Amol += w;
      fMassFractionVector[i] = w;
    }
    for (G4int i = 0; i < fNumberOfElements; ++i) {
      fMassFractionVector[i] /= Amol;
    }
    delete fAtoms;
    delete fElm;
    fMassOfMolecule = Amol / CLHEP::Avogadro;
    ComputeDerivedQuantities();
  }
}
 
//....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo......
 
void G4Material::AddElementByMassFraction(const G4Element* elm, G4double fraction)
{
  // perform checks consistency
  if (fraction < 0.0 || fraction > 1.0) {
    G4ExceptionDescription ed;
    ed << "For material " << fName << " and added element " << elm->GetName()
       << " massFraction= " << fraction << " is wrong ";
    G4Exception("G4Material::AddElementByMassFraction()", "mat031", FatalException, ed, "");
  }
  if (! fMassFraction) {
    G4ExceptionDescription ed;
    ed << "For material " << fName << " and added element " << elm->GetName()
       << ", massFraction= " << fraction << ", fIdxComponent=" << fIdxComponent
       << " problem: cannot add by mass fraction after "
       << "addition of elements by number of atoms";
    G4Exception("G4Material::AddElementByMassFraction()", "mat031", FatalException, ed, "");
  }
  if (fIdxComponent >= fNbComponents) {
    G4ExceptionDescription ed;
    ed << "For material " << fName << " and added element " << elm->GetName()
       << ", massFraction= " << fraction << ", fIdxComponent=" << fIdxComponent
       << "; attempt to add more than the declared number of components " << fIdxComponent
       << " >= " << fNbComponents;
    G4Exception("G4Material::AddElementByMassFraction()", "mat031", FatalException, ed, "");
  }
  if (0 == fIdxComponent) {
    fElmFrac = new std::vector<G4double>;
    fElm = new std::vector<const G4Element*>;
  }
 
  // filling
  G4bool isAdded = false;
  if (! fElm->empty()) {
    for (G4int i = 0; i < fNumberOfElements; ++i) {
      if (elm == (*fElm)[i]) {
        (*fElmFrac)[i] += fraction;
        isAdded = true;
        break;
      }
    }
  }
  if (! isAdded) {
    fElm->push_back(elm);
    fElmFrac->push_back(fraction);
    ++fNumberOfElements;
  }
  ++fIdxComponent;
 
  // is filled
  if (fIdxComponent == fNbComponents) {
    FillVectors();
  }
}
 
//....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo......
 
// composition by fraction of mass
void G4Material::AddMaterial(G4Material* material, G4double fraction)
{
  if (fraction < 0.0 || fraction > 1.0) {
    G4ExceptionDescription ed;
    ed << "For material " << fName << " and added material " << material->GetName()
       << ", massFraction= " << fraction << " is wrong ";
    G4Exception("G4Material::AddMaterial()", "mat031", FatalException, ed, "");
  }
  if (! fMassFraction) {
    G4ExceptionDescription ed;
    ed << "For material " << fName << " and added material " << material->GetName()
       << ", massFraction= " << fraction << ", fIdxComponent=" << fIdxComponent
       << " problem: cannot add by mass fraction after "
       << "addition of elements by number of atoms";
    G4Exception("G4Material::AddMaterial()", "mat031", FatalException, ed, "");
  }
  if (fIdxComponent >= fNbComponents) {
    G4ExceptionDescription ed;
    ed << "For material " << fName << " and added material " << material->GetName()
       << ", massFraction= " << fraction
       << "; attempt to add more than the declared number of components " << fIdxComponent
       << " >= " << fNbComponents;
    G4Exception("G4Material::AddMaterial()", "mat031", FatalException, ed, "");
  }
  if (0 == fIdxComponent) {
    fElmFrac = new std::vector<G4double>;
    fElm = new std::vector<const G4Element*>;
  }
 
  // filling
  auto nelm = (G4int)material->GetNumberOfElements();
  for (G4int j = 0; j < nelm; ++j) {
    auto elm = material->GetElement(j);
    auto frac = material->GetFractionVector();
    G4bool isAdded = false;
    if (! fElm->empty()) {
      for (G4int i = 0; i < fNumberOfElements; ++i) {
        if (elm == (*fElm)[i]) {
          (*fElmFrac)[i] += fraction * frac[j];
          isAdded = true;
          break;
        }
      }
    }
    if (! isAdded) {
      fElm->push_back(elm);
      fElmFrac->push_back(fraction * frac[j]);
      ++fNumberOfElements;
    }
  }
 
  fMatComponents[material] = fraction;
  ++fIdxComponent;
 
  // is filled
  if (fIdxComponent == fNbComponents) {
    FillVectors();
  }
}
 
//....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo......
 
void G4Material::FillVectors()
{
  // there are material components
  theElementVector = new G4ElementVector();
  theElementVector->reserve(fNumberOfElements);
  fAtomsVector = new G4int[fNumberOfElements];
  fMassFractionVector = new G4double[fNumberOfElements];
 
  G4double wtSum(0.0);
  for (G4int i = 0; i < fNumberOfElements; ++i) {
    theElementVector->push_back((*fElm)[i]);
    fMassFractionVector[i] = (*fElmFrac)[i];
    wtSum += fMassFractionVector[i];
  }
  delete fElmFrac;
  delete fElm;
 
  // check sum of weights -- OK?
  if (std::abs(1. - wtSum) > perThousand) {
    G4ExceptionDescription ed;
    ed << "For material " << fName << " sum of fractional masses " << wtSum
       << " is not 1 - results may be wrong";
    G4Exception("G4Material::FillVectors()", "mat031", JustWarning, ed, "");
  }
  G4double coeff = (wtSum > 0.0) ? 1. / wtSum : 1.0;
  G4double Amol(0.);
  for (G4int i = 0; i < fNumberOfElements; ++i) {
    fMassFractionVector[i] *= coeff;
    Amol += fMassFractionVector[i] * (*theElementVector)[i]->GetA();
  }
  for (G4int i = 0; i < fNumberOfElements; ++i) {
    fAtomsVector[i] = G4lrint(fMassFractionVector[i] * Amol / (*theElementVector)[i]->GetA());
  }
  ComputeDerivedQuantities();
}
 
//....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo......
 
void G4Material::ComputeRadiationLength()
{
  G4double radinv = 0.0;
  for (G4int i = 0; i < fNumberOfElements; ++i) {
    radinv += fVecNbOfAtomsPerVolume[i] * ((*theElementVector)[i]->GetfRadTsai());
  }
  fRadlen = (radinv <= 0.0 ? DBL_MAX : 1. / radinv);
}
 
//....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo......
 
void G4Material::ComputeNuclearInterLength()
{
  const G4double lambda1 = CLHEP::amu*CLHEP::cm2 / (35.0 * CLHEP::g);
  G4double NILinv = 0.0;
  for (G4int i = 0; i < fNumberOfElements; ++i) {
    G4int Z = (*theElementVector)[i]->GetZasInt();
    G4double A = (*theElementVector)[i]->GetN();
    if (1 == Z) {
      NILinv += fVecNbOfAtomsPerVolume[i] * A;
    }
    else {
      NILinv += fVecNbOfAtomsPerVolume[i] * G4Pow::GetInstance()->A23(A);
    }
  }
  NILinv *= lambda1;
  fNuclInterLen = 1.e+20*CLHEP::m;
  if (fNuclInterLen * NILinv > 1.0) {
    fNuclInterLen = 1.0 / NILinv;
  }
}
 
//....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo......
 
void G4Material::SetChemicalFormula(const G4String& chF)
{
  if (! IsLocked()) {
    fChemicalFormula = chF;
  }
}
 
//....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo......
 
void G4Material::SetFreeElectronDensity(G4double val)
{
  if (val >= 0. && ! IsLocked()) {
    fFreeElecDensity = val;
  }
}
 
//....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo......
 
void G4Material::ComputeDensityEffectOnFly(G4bool val)
{
  if (! IsLocked()) {
    if (nullptr == fIonisation) {
      fIonisation = new G4IonisParamMat(this);
    }
    fIonisation->ComputeDensityEffectOnFly(val);
  }
}
 
//....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo......
 
G4MaterialTable* G4Material::GetMaterialTable()
{
  struct Holder {
    G4MaterialTable instance;
    ~Holder() {
      for(auto item : instance)
        delete item;
    }
  };
  static Holder _holder;
  return &_holder.instance;
}
 
//....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo......
 
std::size_t G4Material::GetNumberOfMaterials() { return GetMaterialTable()->size(); }
 
//....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo......
 
G4Material* G4Material::GetMaterial(const G4String& materialName, G4bool warn)
{
  // search the material by its name
  for (auto const & j : *GetMaterialTable()) {
    if (j->GetName() == materialName) {
      return j;
    }
  }
 
  // the material does not exist in the table
  if (warn) {
    G4cout << "G4Material::GetMaterial() WARNING: The material: " << materialName
           << " does not exist in the table. Return NULL pointer." << G4endl;
  }
  return nullptr;
}
 
//....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo......
 
G4Material* G4Material::GetMaterial(G4double z, G4double a, G4double dens)
{
  // search the material by its name
  for (auto const & mat : *GetMaterialTable()) {
    if (1 == mat->GetNumberOfElements() && z == mat->GetZ() && a == mat->GetA() &&
        dens == mat->GetDensity())
    {
      return mat;
    }
  }
  return nullptr;
}
 
//....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo......
 
G4Material* G4Material::GetMaterial(std::size_t nComp, G4double dens)
{
  // search the material by its name
  for (auto const & mat : *GetMaterialTable()) {
    if (nComp == mat->GetNumberOfElements() && dens == mat->GetDensity()) {
      return mat;
    }
  }
  return nullptr;
}
 
//....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo......
 
G4double G4Material::GetZ() const
{
  if (fNumberOfElements > 1) {
    G4ExceptionDescription ed;
    ed << "For material " << fName << " ERROR in GetZ() - Nelm=" << fNumberOfElements
       << " > 1, which is not allowed";
    G4Exception("G4Material::GetZ()", "mat036", FatalException, ed, "");
  }
  return (*theElementVector)[0]->GetZ();
}
 
//....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo......
 
G4double G4Material::GetA() const
{
  if (fNumberOfElements > 1) {
    G4ExceptionDescription ed;
    ed << "For material " << fName << " ERROR in GetA() - Nelm=" << fNumberOfElements
       << " > 1, which is not allowed";
    G4Exception("G4Material::GetA()", "mat036", FatalException, ed, "");
  }
  return (*theElementVector)[0]->GetA();
}
 
//....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo......
 
std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& flux, const G4Material* material)
{
  std::ios::fmtflags mode = flux.flags();
  flux.setf(std::ios::fixed, std::ios::floatfield);
  G4long prec = flux.precision(3);
 
  flux << " Material: " << std::setw(8) << material->fName << " " << material->fChemicalFormula
       << " "
       << "  density: " << std::setw(6) << std::setprecision(3)
       << G4BestUnit(material->fDensity, "Volumic Mass") << "  RadL: " << std::setw(7)
       << std::setprecision(3) << G4BestUnit(material->fRadlen, "Length")
       << "  Nucl.Int.Length: " << std::setw(7) << std::setprecision(3)
       << G4BestUnit(material->fNuclInterLen, "Length") << "\n"
       << std::setw(30) << "  Imean: " << std::setw(7) << std::setprecision(3)
       << G4BestUnit(material->GetIonisation()->GetMeanExcitationEnergy(), "Energy")
       << "  temperature: " << std::setw(6) << std::setprecision(2)
       << (material->fTemp) / CLHEP::kelvin << " K"
       << "  pressure: " << std::setw(6) << std::setprecision(2)
       << (material->fPressure) / CLHEP::atmosphere << " atm"
       << "\n";
 
  for (G4int i = 0; i < material->fNumberOfElements; i++) {
    flux << "\n   ---> " << (*(material->theElementVector))[i]
         << "\n          ElmMassFraction: " << std::setw(6) << std::setprecision(2)
         << (material->fMassFractionVector[i]) / perCent << " %"
         << "  ElmAbundance " << std::setw(6) << std::setprecision(2)
         << 100 * (material->fVecNbOfAtomsPerVolume[i]) / (material->fTotNbOfAtomsPerVolume)
         << " % \n";
  }
  flux.precision(prec);
  flux.setf(mode, std::ios::floatfield);
 
  if (material->IsExtended()) {
    static_cast<const G4ExtendedMaterial*>(material)->Print(flux);
  }
 
  return flux;
}
 
//....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo......
 
std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& flux, const G4Material& material)
{
  flux << &material;
  return flux;
}
 
//....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo......
 
std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& flux, const G4MaterialTable& MaterialTable)
{
  // Dump info for all known materials
  flux << "\n***** Table : Nb of materials = " << MaterialTable.size() << " *****\n" << G4endl;
 
  for (auto i : MaterialTable) {
    flux << i << G4endl << G4endl;
  }
 
  return flux;
}
 
//....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo......
 
G4bool G4Material::IsExtended() const { return false; }
 
//....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo......
 
void G4Material::SetMaterialPropertiesTable(G4MaterialPropertiesTable* anMPT)
{
  if (fMaterialPropertiesTable != anMPT && ! IsLocked()) {
    delete fMaterialPropertiesTable;
    fMaterialPropertiesTable = anMPT;
  }
}
 
//....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo......
 
G4bool G4Material::IsLocked()
{
  auto state = G4StateManager::GetStateManager()->GetCurrentState();
  return state != G4State_PreInit && state != G4State_Init && state != G4State_Idle;
}