Garfield::ComponentTcad3d Class Reference

Interpolation in a three-dimensional field map created by Sentaurus Device. More...

#include <ComponentTcad3d.hh>

Inheritance diagram for Garfield::ComponentTcad3d:

Public Member Functions
	ComponentTcad3d ()
	Constructor.
	~ComponentTcad3d ()
	Destructor.
bool	GetElement (const size_t i, double &vol, double &dmin, double &dmax, int &type, std::vector< size_t > &nodes, int &reg) const
bool	GetNode (const size_t i, double &x, double &y, double &z, double &v, double &ex, double &ey, double &ez) const
void	ElectricField (const double x, const double y, const double z, double &ex, double &ey, double &ez, double &v, Medium *&m, int &status) override
	Calculate the drift field [V/cm] and potential [V] at (x, y, z).
void	ElectricField (const double x, const double y, const double z, double &ex, double &ey, double &ez, Medium *&m, int &status) override
Medium *	GetMedium (const double x, const double y, const double z) override
	Get the medium at a given location (x, y, z).
bool	GetBoundingBox (double &xmin, double &ymin, double &zmin, double &xmax, double &ymax, double &zmax) override
	Get the bounding box coordinates.
bool	GetElementaryCell (double &xmin, double &ymin, double &zmin, double &xmax, double &ymax, double &zmax) override
	Get the coordinates of the elementary cell.
std::array< double, 3 >	ElectricField (const double x, const double y, const double z)
	Calculate the drift field [V/cm] at (x, y, z).
Public Member Functions inherited from Garfield::ComponentTcadBase< 3 >
	ComponentTcadBase ()=delete
	Default constructor.
	ComponentTcadBase (const std::string &name)
	Constructor.
virtual	~ComponentTcadBase ()
	Destructor.
bool	Initialise (const std::string &gridfilename, const std::string &datafilename)
bool	SetWeightingField (const std::string &datfile1, const std::string &datfile2, const double dv, const std::string &label)
bool	SetWeightingField (const std::string &datfile1, const std::string &datfile2, const double dv, const double t, const std::string &label)
	Import time-dependent weighting fields at t > 0.
bool	SetWeightingFieldShift (const std::string &label, const double x, const double y, const double z)
bool	SetWeightingPotential (const std::string &datfile1, const std::string &datfile2, const double dv, const double t, const std::string &label)
	Import time-dependent weighting potentials at t > 0.
void	PrintRegions () const
	List all currently defined regions.
size_t	GetNumberOfRegions () const
	Get the number of regions in the device.
void	GetRegion (const size_t ireg, std::string &name, bool &active) const
	Get the name and "active volume" flag of a region.
void	SetDriftRegion (const size_t ireg)
	Make a region active ("driftable").
void	UnsetDriftRegion (const size_t ireg)
	Make a region inactive.
void	SetMedium (const size_t ireg, Medium *m)
	Set the medium to be associated to a given region.
void	SetMedium (const std::string &material, Medium *m)
	Set the medium to be associated to all regions with a given material.
size_t	GetNumberOfElements () const
	Get the number of elements in the mesh.
size_t	GetNumberOfNodes () const
	Get the number of vertices in the mesh.
void	EnableVelocityMap (const bool on)
	Switch use of the imported velocity map on/off.
size_t	GetNumberOfDonors ()
	Get the number of donor states found in the map.
size_t	GetNumberOfAcceptors ()
	Get the number of acceptor states found in the map.
bool	SetDonor (const size_t donorNumber, const double exsec, const double hxsec, const double concentration)
bool	SetAcceptor (const size_t acceptorNumber, const double exsec, const double hxsec, const double concentration)
	Set the properties of an acceptor-type defect state.
void	EnableAlphaMap (const bool on)
	Switch use of the imported impact ionisation map on/off.
void	EnableAttachmentMap (const bool on)
	Switch use of the imported trapping map on/off.
bool	GetElectronMobility (const double x, const double y, const double z, double &mob)
	Get the electron mobility at a given point in the mesh.
bool	GetHoleMobility (const double x, const double y, const double z, double &mob)
	Get the hole mobility at a given point in the mesh.
void	WeightingField (const double x, const double y, const double z, double &wx, double &wy, double &wz, const std::string &label) override
double	WeightingPotential (const double x, const double y, const double z, const std::string &label) override
void	DelayedWeightingField (const double x, const double y, const double z, const double t, double &wx, double &wy, double &wz, const std::string &label) override
double	DelayedWeightingPotential (const double x, const double y, const double z, const double t, const std::string &label) override
bool	GetVoltageRange (double &vmin, double &vmax) override
	Calculate the voltage range [V].
bool	HasVelocityMap () const override
	Does the component have velocity maps?
bool	ElectronVelocity (const double x, const double y, const double z, double &vx, double &vy, double &vz) override
	Get the electron drift velocity.
bool	HoleVelocity (const double x, const double y, const double z, double &vx, double &vy, double &vz) override
	Get the hole drift velocity.
bool	HasTownsendMap () const override
	Does the component have maps of the Townsend coefficient?
bool	HasAttachmentMap () const override
	Does the component have attachment maps?
bool	ElectronAttachment (const double x, const double y, const double z, double &eta) override
	Get the electron attachment coefficient.
bool	HoleAttachment (const double x, const double y, const double z, double &eta) override
	Get the hole attachment coefficient.
bool	GetElectronLifetime (const double x, const double y, const double z, double &etau) override
bool	GetHoleLifetime (const double x, const double y, const double z, double &htau) override
bool	ElectronTownsend (const double x, const double y, const double z, double &alpha) override
	Get the electron Townsend coefficient.
bool	HoleTownsend (const double x, const double y, const double z, double &alpha) override
	Get the hole Townsend coefficient.
Public Member Functions inherited from Garfield::Component
	Component ()=delete
	Default constructor.
	Component (const std::string &name)
	Constructor.
virtual	~Component ()
	Destructor.
virtual void	SetGeometry (Geometry *geo)
	Define the geometry.
virtual void	Clear ()
	Reset.
std::array< double, 3 >	ElectricField (const double x, const double y, const double z)
	Calculate the drift field [V/cm] at (x, y, z).
virtual double	ElectricPotential (const double x, const double y, const double z)
	Calculate the (drift) electrostatic potential [V] at (x, y, z).
virtual void	MagneticField (const double x, const double y, const double z, double &bx, double &by, double &bz, int &status)
void	SetMagneticField (const double bx, const double by, const double bz)
	Set a constant magnetic field.
virtual bool	IsReady ()
	Ready for use?
double	IntegrateFluxCircle (const double xc, const double yc, const double r, const unsigned int nI=50)
double	IntegrateFluxSphere (const double xc, const double yc, const double zc, const double r, const unsigned int nI=20)
double	IntegrateFluxParallelogram (const double x0, const double y0, const double z0, const double dx1, const double dy1, const double dz1, const double dx2, const double dy2, const double dz2, const unsigned int nU=20, const unsigned int nV=20)
double	IntegrateWeightingFluxParallelogram (const std::string &label, const double x0, const double y0, const double z0, const double dx1, const double dy1, const double dz1, const double dx2, const double dy2, const double dz2, const unsigned int nU=20, const unsigned int nV=20)
double	IntegrateFluxLine (const double x0, const double y0, const double z0, const double x1, const double y1, const double z1, const double xp, const double yp, const double zp, const unsigned int nI, const int isign=0)
virtual bool	CrossedWire (const double x0, const double y0, const double z0, const double x1, const double y1, const double z1, double &xc, double &yc, double &zc, const bool centre, double &rc)
virtual bool	InTrapRadius (const double q0, const double x0, const double y0, const double z0, double &xw, double &yw, double &rw)
virtual bool	CrossedPlane (const double x0, const double y0, const double z0, const double x1, const double y1, const double z1, double &xc, double &yc, double &zc)
void	EnablePeriodicityX (const bool on=true)
	Enable simple periodicity in the direction.
void	EnablePeriodicityY (const bool on=true)
	Enable simple periodicity in the direction.
void	EnablePeriodicityZ (const bool on=true)
	Enable simple periodicity in the direction.
void	IsPeriodic (bool &perx, bool &pery, bool &perz)
	Return periodicity flags.
void	EnableMirrorPeriodicityX (const bool on=true)
	Enable mirror periodicity in the direction.
void	EnableMirrorPeriodicityY (const bool on=true)
	Enable mirror periodicity in the direction.
void	EnableMirrorPeriodicityZ (const bool on=true)
	Enable mirror periodicity in the direction.
void	IsMirrorPeriodic (bool &perx, bool &pery, bool &perz)
	Return mirror periodicity flags.
void	EnableAxialPeriodicityX (const bool on=true)
	Enable axial periodicity in the direction.
void	EnableAxialPeriodicityY (const bool on=true)
	Enable axial periodicity in the direction.
void	EnableAxialPeriodicityZ (const bool on=true)
	Enable axial periodicity in the direction.
void	IsAxiallyPeriodic (bool &perx, bool &pery, bool &perz)
	Return axial periodicity flags.
void	EnableRotationSymmetryX (const bool on=true)
	Enable rotation symmetry around the axis.
void	EnableRotationSymmetryY (const bool on=true)
	Enable rotation symmetry around the axis.
void	EnableRotationSymmetryZ (const bool on=true)
	Enable rotation symmetry around the axis.
void	IsRotationSymmetric (bool &rotx, bool &roty, bool &rotz)
	Return rotation symmetry flags.
void	EnableDebugging ()
	Switch on debugging messages.
void	DisableDebugging ()
	Switch off debugging messages.
virtual bool	HasMagneticField () const
	Does the component have a non-zero magnetic field?
virtual double	StepSizeHint ()

Additional Inherited Members
Protected Member Functions inherited from Garfield::ComponentTcadBase< 3 >
void	UpdatePeriodicity () override
	Verify periodicities.
void	Cleanup ()
virtual bool	Interpolate (const double x, const double y, const double z, const std::vector< std::array< double, N > > &field, double &fx, double &fy, double &fz)=0
size_t	FindRegion (const std::string &name) const
void	MapCoordinates (std::array< double, N > &x, std::array< bool, N > &mirr) const
bool	InBoundingBox (const std::array< double, N > &x) const
void	UpdateAttachment ()
bool	LoadGrid (const std::string &gridfilename)
bool	LoadData (const std::string &datafilename)
bool	ReadDataset (std::ifstream &datafile, const std::string &dataset)
bool	LoadWeightingField (const std::string &datafilename, std::vector< std::array< double, N > > &wf, std::vector< double > &wp)
bool	GetOffset (const std::string &label, double &dx, double &dy, double &dz) const
Static Protected Member Functions inherited from Garfield::ComponentTcadBase< 3 >
static unsigned int	ElementVertices (const Element &element)
Protected Attributes inherited from Garfield::ComponentTcadBase< 3 >
std::vector< Region >	m_regions
std::vector< std::array< double, N > >	m_vertices
std::vector< Element >	m_elements
std::vector< double >	m_epot
std::vector< std::array< double, N > >	m_efield
std::vector< std::array< double, N > >	m_wfield
std::vector< double >	m_wpot
std::vector< std::string >	m_wlabel
std::vector< std::array< double, 3 > >	m_wshift
std::vector< std::vector< std::array< double, N > > >	m_dwf
std::vector< std::vector< double > >	m_dwp
std::vector< double >	m_dwtf
std::vector< double >	m_dwtp
std::vector< std::array< double, N > >	m_eVelocity
std::vector< std::array< double, N > >	m_hVelocity
std::vector< double >	m_eMobility
std::vector< double >	m_hMobility
std::vector< double >	m_eAlpha
std::vector< double >	m_hAlpha
std::vector< double >	m_eLifetime
std::vector< double >	m_hLifetime
std::vector< std::vector< float > >	m_donorOcc
std::vector< std::vector< float > >	m_acceptorOcc
std::vector< double >	m_eAttachment
std::vector< double >	m_hAttachment
std::vector< Defect >	m_donors
std::vector< Defect >	m_acceptors
bool	m_useVelocityMap
bool	m_useAttachmentMap
bool	m_useAlphaMap
std::array< double, 3 >	m_bbMin
std::array< double, 3 >	m_bbMax
double	m_pMin
double	m_pMax
Protected Attributes inherited from Garfield::Component
std::string	m_className = "Component"
	Class name.
Geometry *	m_geometry = nullptr
	Pointer to the geometry.
std::array< double, 3 >	m_b0 = {{0., 0., 0.}}
	Constant magnetic field.
bool	m_ready = false
	Ready for use?
bool	m_debug = false
	Switch on/off debugging messages.
std::array< bool, 3 >	m_periodic = {{false, false, false}}
	Simple periodicity in x, y, z.
std::array< bool, 3 >	m_mirrorPeriodic = {{false, false, false}}
	Mirror periodicity in x, y, z.
std::array< bool, 3 >	m_axiallyPeriodic = {{false, false, false}}
	Axial periodicity in x, y, z.
std::array< bool, 3 >	m_rotationSymmetric = {{false, false, false}}
	Rotation symmetry around x-axis, y-axis, z-axis.
Static Protected Attributes inherited from Garfield::ComponentTcadBase< 3 >
static constexpr size_t	nMaxVertices

Detailed Description

Interpolation in a three-dimensional field map created by Sentaurus Device.

Definition at line 13 of file ComponentTcad3d.hh.

Constructor & Destructor Documentation

ComponentTcad3d()

Garfield::ComponentTcad3d::ComponentTcad3d

(

)

Constructor.

Definition at line 11 of file ComponentTcad3d.cc.

: ComponentTcadBase("Tcad3d") {}

~ComponentTcad3d()

Garfield::ComponentTcad3d::~ComponentTcad3d ( )

inline

Destructor.

Definition at line 18 of file ComponentTcad3d.hh.

{}

Member Function Documentation

ElectricField() [1/3]

std::array< double, 3 > Garfield::Component::ElectricField	(	const double	x,
		const double	y,
		const double	z )

Calculate the drift field [V/cm] at (x, y, z).

Definition at line 55 of file Component.cc.

                                                    {
  double ex = 0., ey = 0., ez = 0.;
  Medium* medium = nullptr;
  int status = 0;
  ElectricField(x, y, z, ex, ey, ez, medium, status);
  std::array<double, 3> efield = {ex, ey, ez};
  return efield;
}

ElectricField() [2/3]

void Garfield::ComponentTcad3d::ElectricField ( const double x, const double y, const double z, double & ex, double & ey, double & ez, double & v, Medium *& m, int & status )

overridevirtual

Calculate the drift field [V/cm] and potential [V] at (x, y, z).

Implements Garfield::Component.

Definition at line 13 of file ComponentTcad3d.cc.

                                                 {
  // Assume this will work.
  status = 0;
  ex = ey = ez = p = 0.;
  m = nullptr;
  // Make sure the field map has been loaded.
  if (!m_ready) {
    std::cerr << m_className << "::ElectricField:\n"
              << "    Field map is not available for interpolation.\n";
    status = -10;
    return;
  }
  std::array<double, 3> x = {xin, yin, zin};
  std::array<bool, 3> mirr = {false, false, false};
  // In case of periodicity, reduce to the cell volume.
  MapCoordinates(x, mirr);
  // Check if the point is inside the bounding box.
  if (!InBoundingBox(x)) {
    status = -6;
    return;
  }
 
  std::array<double, nMaxVertices> w;
  const size_t i = FindElement(x[0], x[1], x[2], w);
  if (i >= m_elements.size()) {
    // Point is outside the mesh.
    status = -6;
    return;
  }
  const Element& element = m_elements[i];
  const unsigned int nVertices = ElementVertices(element);
  for (unsigned int j = 0; j < nVertices; ++j) {
    const auto index = element.vertex[j];
    ex += w[j] * m_efield[index][0];
    ey += w[j] * m_efield[index][1];
    ez += w[j] * m_efield[index][2];
    p += w[j] * m_epot[index];
  }
  if (mirr[0]) ex = -ex;
  if (mirr[1]) ey = -ey;
  if (mirr[2]) ez = -ez;
  m = m_regions[element.region].medium;
  if (!m_regions[element.region].drift || !m) status = -5;
}

Referenced by ElectricField().

ElectricField() [3/3]

void Garfield::ComponentTcad3d::ElectricField ( const double x, const double y, const double z, double & ex, double & ey, double & ez, Medium *& m, int & status )

overridevirtual

Calculate the drift field at given point.

Parameters

x,y,z	coordinates [cm].
ex,ey,ez	components of the electric field [V/cm].
m	pointer to the medium at this location.
status	status flag

Status flags:

        0: Inside an active medium
      > 0: Inside a wire of type X
-4 ... -1: On the side of a plane where no wires are
       -5: Inside the mesh but not in an active medium
       -6: Outside the mesh
      -10: Unknown potential type (should not occur)
    other: Other cases (should not occur)

Implements Garfield::Component.

Definition at line 61 of file ComponentTcad3d.cc.

                                                                         {
  double v = 0.;
  ElectricField(x, y, z, ex, ey, ez, v, m, status);
}

GetBoundingBox()

bool Garfield::ComponentTcad3d::GetBoundingBox ( double & xmin, double & ymin, double & zmin, double & xmax, double & ymax, double & zmax )

overridevirtual

Get the bounding box coordinates.

Reimplemented from Garfield::Component.

Definition at line 177 of file ComponentTcad3d.cc.

                                                                               {
  if (!m_ready) return false;
  xmin = m_bbMin[0];
  ymin = m_bbMin[1];
  zmin = m_bbMin[2];
  xmax = m_bbMax[0];
  ymax = m_bbMax[1];
  zmax = m_bbMax[2];
  if (m_periodic[0] || m_mirrorPeriodic[0]) {
    xmin = -std::numeric_limits<double>::infinity();
    xmax = +std::numeric_limits<double>::infinity();
  }
  if (m_periodic[1] || m_mirrorPeriodic[1]) {
    ymin = -std::numeric_limits<double>::infinity();
    ymax = +std::numeric_limits<double>::infinity();
  }
  if (m_periodic[2] || m_mirrorPeriodic[2]) {
    zmin = -std::numeric_limits<double>::infinity();
    zmax = +std::numeric_limits<double>::infinity();
  }
  return true;
}

GetElement()

bool Garfield::ComponentTcad3d::GetElement	(	const size_t	i,
		double &	vol,
		double &	dmin,
		double &	dmax,
		int &	type,
		std::vector< size_t > &	nodes,
		int &	reg ) const

Retrieve the properties of an element.

Parameters

i	index of the element
vol	volume
dmin	smallest length in the element
dmax	largest length in the element
type	element type
nodes	indices of the constituent vertices
reg	region

Definition at line 238 of file ComponentTcad3d.cc.

                                                                           {
  nodes.clear();
  if (i >= m_elements.size()) {
    std::cerr << m_className << "::GetElement: Index out of range.\n";
    return false;
  }
 
  const Element& element = m_elements[i];
  type = element.type;
  if (element.type == 2) {
    // Triangle
    const auto& v0 = m_vertices[element.vertex[0]];
    const auto& v1 = m_vertices[element.vertex[1]];
    const auto& v2 = m_vertices[element.vertex[2]];
    const double vx = (v1[1] - v0[1]) * (v2[2] - v0[2]) - 
                      (v1[2] - v0[2]) * (v2[1] - v0[1]);
    const double vy = (v1[2] - v0[2]) * (v2[0] - v0[0]) - 
                      (v1[0] - v0[0]) * (v2[2] - v0[2]);
    const double vz = (v1[0] - v0[0]) * (v2[1] - v0[1]) - 
                      (v1[1] - v0[1]) * (v2[0] - v0[0]);
    vol = sqrt(vx * vx + vy * vy + vz * vz);
    const double a = sqrt(pow(v1[0] - v0[0], 2) + pow(v1[1] - v0[1], 2) + 
                          pow(v1[2] - v0[2], 2));
    const double b = sqrt(pow(v2[0] - v0[0], 2) + pow(v2[1] - v0[1], 2) + 
                          pow(v2[2] - v0[2], 2));
    const double c = sqrt(pow(v1[0] - v2[0], 2) + pow(v1[1] - v2[1], 2) + 
                          pow(v1[2] - v2[2], 2));
    dmin = std::min({a, b, c});
    dmax = std::max({a, b, c});
  } else if (element.type == 5) {
    // Tetrahedron
    const auto& v0 = m_vertices[element.vertex[0]];
    const auto& v1 = m_vertices[element.vertex[1]];
    const auto& v2 = m_vertices[element.vertex[2]];
    const auto& v3 = m_vertices[element.vertex[3]];
    vol = fabs((v3[0] - v0[0]) * ((v1[1] - v0[1]) * (v2[2] - v0[2]) -
                                  (v2[1] - v0[1]) * (v1[2] - v0[2])) +
               (v3[1] - v0[1]) * ((v1[2] - v0[2]) * (v2[0] - v0[0]) -
                                  (v2[2] - v0[2]) * (v1[0] - v0[0])) +
               (v3[2] - v0[2]) * ((v1[0] - v0[0]) * (v2[1] - v0[1]) -
                                  (v3[0] - v0[0]) * (v1[1] - v0[1]))) /
          6.;
    // Loop over all pairs of m_vertices.
    for (size_t j = 0; j < nMaxVertices - 1; ++j) {
      const auto& vj = m_vertices[element.vertex[j]];
      for (size_t k = j + 1; k < nMaxVertices; ++k) {
        const auto& vk = m_vertices[element.vertex[k]];
        // Compute distance.
        const double dist = sqrt(pow(vj[0] - vk[0], 2) + pow(vj[1] - vk[1], 2) +
                                 pow(vj[2] - vk[2], 2));
        if (k == 1) {
          dmin = dmax = dist;
        } else {
          if (dist < dmin) dmin = dist;
          if (dist > dmax) dmax = dist;
        }
      }
    }
  } else {
    std::cerr << m_className << "::GetElement:\n"
              << "    Unexpected element type (" << element.type << ").\n";
    return false;
  }
  const size_t nVertices = ElementVertices(element);
  for (size_t j = 0; j < nVertices; ++j) {
    nodes.push_back(element.vertex[j]);
  }
  reg = element.region;
  return true;
}

GetElementaryCell()

bool Garfield::ComponentTcad3d::GetElementaryCell ( double & xmin, double & ymin, double & zmin, double & xmax, double & ymax, double & zmax )

overridevirtual

Get the coordinates of the elementary cell.

Reimplemented from Garfield::Component.

Definition at line 201 of file ComponentTcad3d.cc.

                                              {
  if (!m_ready) return false;
  xmin = m_bbMin[0];
  ymin = m_bbMin[1];
  zmin = m_bbMin[2];
  xmax = m_bbMax[0];
  ymax = m_bbMax[1];
  zmax = m_bbMax[2];
  return true;
}

GetMedium()

Medium * Garfield::ComponentTcad3d::GetMedium ( const double x, const double y, const double z )

overridevirtual

Get the medium at a given location (x, y, z).

Reimplemented from Garfield::Component.

Definition at line 126 of file ComponentTcad3d.cc.

                                                     {
  // Make sure the field map has been loaded.
  if (!m_ready) {
    std::cerr << m_className << "::GetMedium:\n"
              << "    Field map not available for interpolation.\n";
    return nullptr;
  }
 
  std::array<double, 3> x = {xin, yin, zin};
  std::array<bool, 3> mirr = {false, false, false};
  MapCoordinates(x, mirr);
  // Check if the point is inside the bounding box.
  if (!InBoundingBox(x)) return nullptr;
 
  // Determine the shape functions.
  std::array<double, nMaxVertices> w;
  const size_t i = FindElement(x[0], x[1], x[2], w);
  if (i >= m_elements.size()) {
    // Point is outside the mesh.
    return nullptr;
  }
  return m_regions[m_elements[i].region].medium;
}

GetNode()

bool Garfield::ComponentTcad3d::GetNode	(	const size_t	i,
		double &	x,
		double &	y,
		double &	z,
		double &	v,
		double &	ex,
		double &	ey,
		double &	ez ) const

Get the coordinates of a mesh node and the potential and electric field at this node.

Definition at line 311 of file ComponentTcad3d.cc.

                                                {
  if (i >= m_vertices.size()) {
    std::cerr << m_className << "::GetNode: Index out of range.\n";
    return false;
  }
 
  x = m_vertices[i][0];
  y = m_vertices[i][1];
  z = m_vertices[i][2];
  if (!m_epot.empty()) v = m_epot[i];
  if (!m_efield.empty()) {
    ex = m_efield[i][0];
    ey = m_efield[i][1];
    ez = m_efield[i][2];
  }
  return true;
}

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The documentation for this class was generated from the following files:

• ComponentTcad3d.hh
• ComponentTcad3d.cc