G4RadioactiveDecay.cc

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//
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// * the Geant4 Collaboration.  It is provided  under  the terms  and *
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// * technical work of the GEANT4 collaboration.                      *
// * By using,  copying,  modifying or  distributing the software (or *
// * any work based  on the software)  you  agree  to acknowledge its *
// * use  in  resulting  scientific  publications,  and indicate your *
// * acceptance of all terms of the Geant4 Software license.          *
// ********************************************************************
//
// MODULE:              G4RadioactiveDecay.cc
//
// Author:              F Lei & P R Truscott
// Organisation:        DERA UK
// Customer:            ESA/ESTEC, NOORDWIJK
// Contract:            12115/96/JG/NL Work Order No. 3
//
// Documentation avaialable at http://www.space.dera.gov.uk/space_env/rdm.html
//   These include:
//       User Requirement Document (URD)
//       Software Specification Documents (SSD)
//       Software User Manual (SUM)
//       Technical Note (TN) on the physics and algorithms
//
//    The test and example programs are not included in the public release of 
//    G4 but they can be downloaded from
//      http://www.space.qinetiq.com/space_env/rdm.html
// 
// CHANGE HISTORY
// --------------
//
// 13 Oct  2015, L.G. Sarmiento Neutron emission added
//
// 06 Aug  2014, L.G. Sarmiento Proton decay mode added mimicking the alpha decay
//
// 03 Oct  2012, V. Ivanchenko removed internal table for mean free path 
//                             similar to what is done for as G4Decay
// 10 July 2012, L. Desorgher
//          -In LoadDecayTable:
//                          Add LoadedNuclei.push_back(theParentNucleus.GetParticleName());
//          also for the case where user data files are used. Correction for bug
//          1324. Changes proposed by Joa L.
//
//
// 01 May 2012, L. Desorgher
//          -Force the reading of user file to theIsotopeTable
//          -Merge the development by Fan Lei for activation computation
//
// 17 Oct 2011, L. Desorgher
//          -Add possibility for the user to load its own decay file.
//          -Set halflifethreshold negative by default to allow the tracking of all
//             excited nuclei resulting from a radioactive decay
//
// 01 June 2011, M. Kelsey -- Add directional biasing interface to allow for
//      "collimation" of decay daughters.
// 16 February 2006, V.Ivanchenko fix problem in IsApplicable connected with
//            8.0 particle design
// 18 October 2002, F. Lei
//            in the case of beta decay, added a check of the end-energy 
//            to ensure it is > 0.
//            ENSDF occationally have beta decay entries with zero energies
//
// 27 Sepetember 2001, F. Lei
//            verboselevel(0) used in constructor
//
// 01 November 2000, F.Lei
//            added " ee = e0 +1. ;" as line 763
//            tagged as "radiative_decay-V02-00-02"              
// 28 October 2000, F Lei 
//            added fast beta decay mode. Many files have been changed.
//            tagged as "radiative_decay-V02-00-01"
//
// 25 October 2000, F Lei, DERA UK
//            1) line 1185 added 'const' to work with tag "Track-V02-00-00"
//            tagged as "radiative_decay-V02-00-00"
// 14 April 2000, F Lei, DERA UK
// 0.b.4 release. Changes are:
//            1) Use PhotonEvaporation instead of DiscreteGammaDeexcitation
//            2) VR: Significant efficiency improvement
// 
// 29 February 2000, P R Truscott, DERA UK
// 0.b.3 release.
//
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//
#include "G4RadioactiveDecay.hh"
#include "G4RadioactiveDecaymessenger.hh"
 
#include "G4SystemOfUnits.hh"
#include "G4DynamicParticle.hh"
#include "G4DecayProducts.hh"
#include "G4DecayTable.hh"
#include "G4ParticleChangeForRadDecay.hh"
#include "G4ITDecay.hh"
#include "G4BetaDecayType.hh"
#include "G4BetaMinusDecay.hh"
#include "G4BetaPlusDecay.hh"
#include "G4ECDecay.hh"
#include "G4AlphaDecay.hh"
#include "G4TritonDecay.hh"
#include "G4ProtonDecay.hh"
#include "G4NeutronDecay.hh"
#include "G4SFDecay.hh"
#include "G4VDecayChannel.hh"
#include "G4NuclearDecay.hh"
#include "G4RadioactiveDecayMode.hh"
#include "G4Fragment.hh"
#include "G4Ions.hh"
#include "G4IonTable.hh"
#include "G4BetaDecayType.hh"
#include "Randomize.hh"
#include "G4LogicalVolumeStore.hh"
#include "G4NuclearLevelData.hh"
#include "G4DeexPrecoParameters.hh"
#include "G4EmParameters.hh"
#include "G4LevelManager.hh"
#include "G4ThreeVector.hh"
#include "G4Electron.hh"
#include "G4Positron.hh"
#include "G4Neutron.hh"
#include "G4Gamma.hh"
#include "G4Alpha.hh"
#include "G4Triton.hh"
#include "G4Proton.hh"
 
#include "G4HadronicProcessType.hh"
#include "G4HadronicProcessStore.hh"
#include "G4HadronicException.hh"
#include "G4PhotonEvaporation.hh"
#include "G4HadronicParameters.hh"
 
#include <vector>
#include <sstream>
#include <algorithm>
#include <fstream>
 
using namespace CLHEP;
 
const G4double G4RadioactiveDecay::levelTolerance = 10.0*eV;
const G4ThreeVector G4RadioactiveDecay::origin(0.,0.,0.);
 
#ifdef G4MULTITHREADED
#include "G4AutoLock.hh"
G4Mutex G4RadioactiveDecay::radioactiveDecayMutex = G4MUTEX_INITIALIZER;
DecayTableMap* G4RadioactiveDecay::master_dkmap = 0;
 
G4int& G4RadioactiveDecay::NumberOfInstances()
{
  static G4int numberOfInstances = 0;
  return numberOfInstances;
}
#endif
 
G4RadioactiveDecay::G4RadioactiveDecay(const G4String& processName)
 : G4VRestDiscreteProcess(processName, fDecay), isInitialised(false),
   forceDecayDirection(0.,0.,0.), forceDecayHalfAngle(0.*deg), dirPath(""),
   verboseLevel(1)
{
#ifdef G4VERBOSE
  if (GetVerboseLevel() > 1) {
    G4cout << "G4RadioactiveDecay constructor: processName = " << processName
           << G4endl;
  }
#endif
 
  G4cout << " G4RadioactiveDecay is deprecated and will be removed in Geant4 version 11. " << G4endl;
  G4cout << " Please replace it with G4RadioactiveDecayBase if you want the unbiased radioactive deacy process." << G4endl;
  G4cout << " If you want the general process, with optional biasing, use G4Radioactivation. " << G4endl;  
 
  SetProcessSubType(fRadioactiveDecay);
 
  theRadioactiveDecaymessenger = new G4RadioactiveDecaymessenger(this);
  pParticleChange = &fParticleChangeForRadDecay;
 
  // Set up photon evaporation for use in G4ITDecay
  photonEvaporation = new G4PhotonEvaporation();
  // photonEvaporation->SetVerboseLevel(2);
  photonEvaporation->RDMForced(true);
  photonEvaporation->SetICM(true);
 
  // Check data directory
  char* path_var = std::getenv("G4RADIOACTIVEDATA");
  if (!path_var) {
    G4Exception("G4RadioactiveDecay()","HAD_RDM_200",FatalException,
                "Environment variable G4RADIOACTIVEDATA is not set");
  } else {
    dirPath = path_var;   // convert to string
    std::ostringstream os;
    os << dirPath << "/z1.a3";   // used as a dummy 
    std::ifstream testFile;
    testFile.open(os.str() );
    if (!testFile.is_open() ) 
      G4Exception("G4RadioactiveDecay()","HAD_RDM_201",FatalException,
                  "Environment variable G4RADIOACTIVEDATA is set, but does not point to correct directory");
  }
 
  // Reset the list of user defined data files
  theUserRadioactiveDataFiles.clear();
 
  // Instantiate the map of decay tables
#ifdef G4MULTITHREADED
  G4AutoLock lk(&G4RadioactiveDecay::radioactiveDecayMutex);
  NumberOfInstances()++;
  if(!master_dkmap) master_dkmap = new DecayTableMap;
#endif
  dkmap = new DecayTableMap;
 
  // Apply default values.
  NSourceBin  = 1;
  SBin[0]     = 0.* s;
  SBin[1]     = 1.* s;
  SProfile[0] = 1.;
  SProfile[1] = 0.;
  NDecayBin   = 1;
  DBin[0]     = 0. * s ;
  DBin[1]     = 1. * s;
  DProfile[0] = 1.;
  DProfile[1] = 0.;
  decayWindows[0] = 0;
  G4RadioactivityTable* rTable = new G4RadioactivityTable() ;
  theRadioactivityTables.push_back(rTable);
  NSplit      = 1;
  AnalogueMC  = true ;
  FBeta       = false ;
  BRBias      = true ;
  applyICM    = true ;
  applyARM    = true ;
  halflifethreshold = nanosecond;
 
  // RDM applies to all logical volumes by default
  isAllVolumesMode = true;
  SelectAllVolumes();
  G4HadronicProcessStore::Instance()->RegisterExtraProcess(this);
}
 
 
void G4RadioactiveDecay::ProcessDescription(std::ostream& outFile) const
{
  outFile << "The radioactive decay process (G4RadioactiveDecay) handles the\n"
          << "alpha, beta+, beta-, electron capture and isomeric transition\n"
          << "decays of nuclei (G4GenericIon) with masses A > 4.\n"
          << "The required half-lives and decay schemes are retrieved from\n"
          << "the RadioactiveDecay database which was derived from ENSDF.\n";
}
 
 
G4RadioactiveDecay::~G4RadioactiveDecay()
{
  delete theRadioactiveDecaymessenger;
  delete photonEvaporation;
  for (DecayTableMap::iterator i = dkmap->begin(); i != dkmap->end(); i++) {
    delete i->second;
  }
  dkmap->clear();
  delete dkmap;
#ifdef G4MULTITHREADED
  G4AutoLock lk(&G4RadioactiveDecay::radioactiveDecayMutex);
  --NumberOfInstances();
  if(NumberOfInstances()==0)
  {
    for (DecayTableMap::iterator i = master_dkmap->begin(); i != master_dkmap->end(); i++) {
      delete i->second;
    }
    master_dkmap->clear();
    delete master_dkmap;
  }
#endif
}
 
 
G4bool G4RadioactiveDecay::IsApplicable(const G4ParticleDefinition& aParticle)
{
  // All particles other than G4Ions are rejected by default
  if (((const G4Ions*)(&aParticle))->GetExcitationEnergy() > 0.) {
    return true;    // Not ground state - decay
  }
 
  if (aParticle.GetParticleName() == "GenericIon") {
    return true;
  } else if (!(aParticle.GetParticleType() == "nucleus")
             || aParticle.GetPDGLifeTime() < 0. ) {
    return false;   // Nuclide is stable - no decay
  }
 
  // At this point nuclide must be an unstable ground state
  // Determine whether it falls into the correct A and Z range
  G4int A = ((const G4Ions*) (&aParticle))->GetAtomicMass();
  G4int Z = ((const G4Ions*) (&aParticle))->GetAtomicNumber();
 
  if (A > theNucleusLimits.GetAMax() || A < theNucleusLimits.GetAMin())
    {return false;}
  else if (Z > theNucleusLimits.GetZMax() || Z < theNucleusLimits.GetZMin())
    {return false;}
  return true;
}
 
G4DecayTable* G4RadioactiveDecay::GetDecayTable(const G4ParticleDefinition* aNucleus)
{
  G4String key = aNucleus->GetParticleName();
  DecayTableMap::iterator table_ptr = dkmap->find(key);
 
  G4DecayTable* theDecayTable = 0;
  if (table_ptr == dkmap->end() ) {                   // If table not there,     
    theDecayTable = LoadDecayTable(*aNucleus);        // load from file and
    if(theDecayTable) (*dkmap)[key] = theDecayTable;  // store in library 
  } else {
    theDecayTable = table_ptr->second;
  }
 
  return theDecayTable;
}
 
 
void G4RadioactiveDecay::SelectAVolume(const G4String aVolume)
{
  G4LogicalVolumeStore* theLogicalVolumes;
  G4LogicalVolume* volume;
  theLogicalVolumes = G4LogicalVolumeStore::GetInstance();
  for (size_t i = 0; i < theLogicalVolumes->size(); i++) {
    volume=(*theLogicalVolumes)[i];
    if (volume->GetName() == aVolume) {
      ValidVolumes.push_back(aVolume);
      std::sort(ValidVolumes.begin(), ValidVolumes.end());
      // sort need for performing binary_search
#ifdef G4VERBOSE
      if (GetVerboseLevel()>1)
    G4cout << " RDM Applies to : " << aVolume << G4endl; 
#endif
    } else if(i == theLogicalVolumes->size()) {
      G4ExceptionDescription ed;
      ed << aVolume << " is not a valid logical volume name.  Decay not activated for it."
         << G4endl;
      G4Exception("G4RadioactiveDecayBase::SelectAVolume()", "HAD_RDM_300",
                  JustWarning, ed);
    }
  }
}
 
 
void G4RadioactiveDecay::DeselectAVolume(const G4String aVolume)
{
  G4LogicalVolumeStore* theLogicalVolumes;
  G4LogicalVolume* volume;
  theLogicalVolumes = G4LogicalVolumeStore::GetInstance();
  for (size_t i = 0; i < theLogicalVolumes->size(); i++){
    volume=(*theLogicalVolumes)[i];
    if (volume->GetName() == aVolume) {
      std::vector<G4String>::iterator location;
      location = std::find(ValidVolumes.begin(),ValidVolumes.end(),aVolume);
      if (location != ValidVolumes.end()) {
        ValidVolumes.erase(location);
        std::sort(ValidVolumes.begin(), ValidVolumes.end());
        isAllVolumesMode =false;
      } else {
        G4ExceptionDescription ed;
        ed << aVolume << " is not in the list " << G4endl;
        G4Exception("G4RadioactiveDecayBase::DeselectAVolume()", "HAD_RDM_300",
                    JustWarning, ed);
      }   
#ifdef G4VERBOSE
      if (GetVerboseLevel() > 0)
        G4cout << " DeselectVolume: " << aVolume << " is removed from list "
               << G4endl; 
#endif
    } else if (i ==  theLogicalVolumes->size()) {
      G4ExceptionDescription ed;
      ed << aVolume << " is not a valid logical volume name " << G4endl;
      G4Exception("G4RadioactiveDecayBase::SelectAVolume()", "HAD_RDM_300",
                  JustWarning, ed);
    }
  }
}
 
 
void G4RadioactiveDecay::SelectAllVolumes() 
{
  G4LogicalVolumeStore* theLogicalVolumes;
  G4LogicalVolume* volume;
  theLogicalVolumes = G4LogicalVolumeStore::GetInstance();
  ValidVolumes.clear();
#ifdef G4VERBOSE
  if (GetVerboseLevel()>1)
    G4cout << " RDM Applies to all Volumes"  << G4endl;
#endif
  for (size_t i = 0; i < theLogicalVolumes->size(); i++){
    volume = (*theLogicalVolumes)[i];
    ValidVolumes.push_back(volume->GetName());    
#ifdef G4VERBOSE
    if (GetVerboseLevel()>1)
      G4cout << "       RDM Applies to Volume " << volume->GetName() << G4endl;
#endif
  }
  std::sort(ValidVolumes.begin(), ValidVolumes.end());
  // sort needed in order to allow binary_search
  isAllVolumesMode=true;
}
 
 
void G4RadioactiveDecay::DeselectAllVolumes() 
{
  ValidVolumes.clear();
  isAllVolumesMode=false;
#ifdef G4VERBOSE
  if (GetVerboseLevel() > 1) G4cout << "RDM removed from all volumes" << G4endl; 
#endif
}
 
 
G4bool
G4RadioactiveDecay::IsRateTableReady(const G4ParticleDefinition& aParticle)
{
  // Check whether the radioactive decay rates table for the ion has already
  // been calculated.
  G4String aParticleName = aParticle.GetParticleName();
  for (size_t i = 0; i < theParentChainTable.size(); i++) {
    if (theParentChainTable[i].GetIonName() == aParticleName) return true;
  }
  return false;
}
 
// retrieve the decayratetable for the specified aParticle
void
G4RadioactiveDecay::GetChainsFromParent(const G4ParticleDefinition& aParticle)
{
  G4String aParticleName = aParticle.GetParticleName();
 
  for (size_t i = 0; i < theParentChainTable.size(); i++) {
    if (theParentChainTable[i].GetIonName() == aParticleName) {
      theDecayRateVector = theParentChainTable[i].GetItsRates();
    }
  }
#ifdef G4VERBOSE
  if (GetVerboseLevel() > 1) {
    G4cout << "The DecayRate Table for " << aParticleName << " is selected."
           <<  G4endl;
  }
#endif
}
 
/* DHW: long double version - only few % improvement, but don't delete yet
G4double
G4RadioactiveDecay::ConvolveSourceTimeProfile(const G4double t, const G4double tau)
{
  long double convolvedTime = 0.L;
  G4int nbin;
  if ( t > SBin[NSourceBin]) {
    nbin  = NSourceBin;
  } else {
    nbin = 0;
 
    G4int loop = 0;
    while (t > SBin[nbin]) {
      loop++;
      if (loop > 1000) {
        G4Exception("G4RadioactiveDecay::ConvolveSourceTimeProfile()",
                    "HAD_RDM_100", JustWarning, "While loop count exceeded");
        break;
      }
 
      nbin++;
    }
    nbin--;
  }
 
  long double lt = t ;
  long double ltau = tau;
  long double earg = 0.L;
  if (nbin > 0) {
    for (G4int i = 0; i < nbin; i++) {
      earg = (long double)(SBin[i+1] - SBin[i])/ltau;
      if (earg < 100.) {
        convolvedTime += (long double)SProfile[i] *
                         std::exp(((long double)SBin[i] - lt)/ltau) *
                         std::expm1(earg);
      } else {
        convolvedTime += (long double)SProfile[i] *
          (std::exp(-(lt-(long double)SBin[i+1])/ltau)-std::exp(-(lt-(long double)SBin[i])/ltau));
      }
    }
  }
  // Use -expm1 instead of 1 - exp 
  convolvedTime -= (long double)SProfile[nbin] * std::expm1(((long double)SBin[nbin] - lt)/ltau);
 
  if (convolvedTime < 0.)  {
    G4cout << " Convolved time =: " << convolvedTime << " reset to zero! " << G4endl;
    G4cout << " t = " << t << " tau = " << tau << G4endl;
    G4cout << SBin[nbin] << " " << SBin[0] << G4endl;
    convolvedTime = 0.;
  }
#ifdef G4VERBOSE
  if (GetVerboseLevel() > 1)
    G4cout << " Convolved time: " << convolvedTime << G4endl;
#endif
  return (G4double)convolvedTime;
}
*/
 
// ConvolveSourceTimeProfile performs the convolution of the source time profile
// function with a single exponential characterized by a decay constant in the 
// decay chain.  The time profile is treated as a set of step functions so that 
// the convolution integral can be done bin-by-bin.
// This implements Eq. 4.13 of DERA technical note, with SProfile[i] = F(t')
 
G4double
G4RadioactiveDecay::ConvolveSourceTimeProfile(const G4double t, const G4double tau)
{
  G4double convolvedTime = 0.0;
  G4int nbin;
  if ( t > SBin[NSourceBin]) {
    nbin  = NSourceBin;
  } else {
    nbin = 0;
 
    G4int loop = 0;
    while (t > SBin[nbin]) {  // Loop checking, 01.09.2015, D.Wright
      loop++;
      if (loop > 1000) {
        G4Exception("G4RadioactiveDecay::ConvolveSourceTimeProfile()",
                    "HAD_RDM_100", JustWarning,"While loop count exceeded");
        break;
      }
      nbin++;
    }
    nbin--;
  }
 
  // Use expm1 wherever possible to avoid large cancellation errors in
  // 1 - exp(x) for small x 
  G4double earg = 0.0;
  if (nbin > 0) {
    for (G4int i = 0; i < nbin; i++) {
      earg = (SBin[i+1] - SBin[i])/tau;
      if (earg < 100.) {
        convolvedTime += SProfile[i] * std::exp((SBin[i] - t)/tau) *
                         std::expm1(earg);
      } else {
        convolvedTime += SProfile[i] *
          (std::exp(-(t-SBin[i+1])/tau)-std::exp(-(t-SBin[i])/tau));
      }
    }
  }
  convolvedTime -= SProfile[nbin] * std::expm1((SBin[nbin] - t)/tau);
  // tau divided out of final result to provide probability of decay in window
 
  if (convolvedTime < 0.)  {
    G4cout << " Convolved time =: " << convolvedTime << " reset to zero! " << G4endl;
    G4cout << " t = " << t << " tau = " << tau << G4endl;
    G4cout << SBin[nbin] << " " << SBin[0] << G4endl;
    convolvedTime = 0.;
  }
#ifdef G4VERBOSE
  if (GetVerboseLevel() > 1)
    G4cout << " Convolved time: " << convolvedTime << G4endl;
#endif
  return convolvedTime;
}
 
 
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//                                                                            //
//  GetDecayTime                                                              //
//    Randomly select a decay time for the decay process, following the       //
//    supplied decay time bias scheme.                                        //
//                                                                            //
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 
G4double G4RadioactiveDecay::GetDecayTime()
{
  G4double decaytime = 0.;
  G4double rand = G4UniformRand();
  G4int i = 0;
 
  G4int loop = 0;
  while ( DProfile[i] < rand) {  /* Loop checking, 01.09.2015, D.Wright */
    i++;
    loop++;
    if (loop > 100000) {
      G4Exception("G4RadioactiveDecay::GetDecayTime()", "HAD_RDM_100",
                  JustWarning, "While loop count exceeded");
      break;
    }
  }
 
  rand = G4UniformRand();
  decaytime = DBin[i] + rand*(DBin[i+1]-DBin[i]);
#ifdef G4VERBOSE
  if (GetVerboseLevel() > 1)
    G4cout <<" Decay time: " <<decaytime/s <<"[s]" <<G4endl;
#endif
  return  decaytime;        
}
 
 
G4int G4RadioactiveDecay::GetDecayTimeBin(const G4double aDecayTime)
{
  G4int i = 0;
 
  G4int loop = 0;
  while ( aDecayTime > DBin[i] ) {   /* Loop checking, 01.09.2015, D.Wright */
    i++;
    loop++;
    if (loop > 100000) {
      G4Exception("G4RadioactiveDecay::GetDecayTimeBin()", "HAD_RDM_100",
                  JustWarning, "While loop count exceeded");
      break;
    }
  }
 
  return  i;
}
 
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//                                                                            //
//  GetMeanLifeTime (required by the base class)                              //
//                                                                            //
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 
G4double G4RadioactiveDecay::GetMeanLifeTime(const G4Track& theTrack,
                                             G4ForceCondition*)
{
  // For variance reduction the time is set to 0 so as to force the particle
  // to decay immediately.
  // In analogueMC mode it returns the particle's mean-life.
 
  G4double meanlife = 0.;
  if (AnalogueMC) {
    const G4DynamicParticle* theParticle = theTrack.GetDynamicParticle();
    const G4ParticleDefinition* theParticleDef = theParticle->GetDefinition();
    G4double theLife = theParticleDef->GetPDGLifeTime();
#ifdef G4VERBOSE
    if (GetVerboseLevel() > 2) {
       G4cout << "G4RadioactiveDecay::GetMeanLifeTime() " << G4endl;
       G4cout << "KineticEnergy: " << theParticle->GetKineticEnergy()/GeV
              << " GeV, Mass: " << theParticle->GetMass()/GeV
              << " GeV, Life time: " << theLife/ns << " ns " << G4endl;
    }
#endif
    if (theParticleDef->GetPDGStable()) {meanlife = DBL_MAX;}
    else if (theLife < 0.0) {meanlife = DBL_MAX;}
    else {meanlife = theLife;}
    // Set meanlife to zero for excited istopes which are not in the
    // RDM database
    if (((const G4Ions*)(theParticleDef))->GetExcitationEnergy() > 0. &&
                                          meanlife == DBL_MAX) {meanlife = 0.;}
  }
#ifdef G4VERBOSE
  if (GetVerboseLevel() > 2)
    G4cout << " mean life time: " << meanlife/s << " s " << G4endl;
#endif
 
  return  meanlife;
}
 
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//                                                                    //
//  GetMeanFreePath for decay in flight                               //
//                                                                    //
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 
G4double G4RadioactiveDecay::GetMeanFreePath (const G4Track& aTrack, G4double,
                                              G4ForceCondition*)
{
  const G4DynamicParticle* aParticle = aTrack.GetDynamicParticle();
  const G4ParticleDefinition* aParticleDef = aParticle->GetDefinition();
  G4double tau = aParticleDef->GetPDGLifeTime();
  G4double aMass = aParticle->GetMass();
 
#ifdef G4VERBOSE
  if (GetVerboseLevel() > 2) {
    G4cout << "G4RadioactiveDecay::GetMeanFreePath() " << G4endl;
    G4cout << "  KineticEnergy: " << aParticle->GetKineticEnergy()/GeV
           << " GeV, Mass: " << aMass/GeV << " GeV, tau: " << tau << " ns "
           << G4endl;
  }
#endif
  G4double pathlength = DBL_MAX;
  if (tau != -1) {
    // Ion can decay
 
    if (tau < -1000.0) {
      pathlength = DBL_MIN;  // nuclide had very short lifetime or wasn't in table
 
    } else if (tau < 0.0) {
      G4cout << aParticleDef->GetParticleName() << " has lifetime " << tau << G4endl;
      G4ExceptionDescription ed;
      ed << "Ion has negative lifetime " << tau
         << " but is not stable.  Setting mean free path to DBL_MAX" << G4endl; 
      G4Exception("G4RadioactiveDecay::GetMeanFreePath()", "HAD_RDM_011",
                   JustWarning, ed);
      pathlength = DBL_MAX;
 
    } else {
      // Calculate mean free path
      G4double betaGamma = aParticle->GetTotalMomentum()/aMass;
      pathlength = c_light*tau*betaGamma;
 
      if (pathlength < DBL_MIN) {
        pathlength = DBL_MIN;
#ifdef G4VERBOSE
        if (GetVerboseLevel() > 2) {
          G4cout << "G4Decay::GetMeanFreePath: "
                 << aParticleDef->GetParticleName()
                 << " stops, kinetic energy = "
                 << aParticle->GetKineticEnergy()/keV <<" keV " << G4endl;
        }
#endif
      }
    }
  }
 
#ifdef G4VERBOSE
  if (GetVerboseLevel() > 1) {
    G4cout << "mean free path: "<< pathlength/m << " m" << G4endl;
  }
#endif
  return  pathlength;
}
 
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//                                                                    //
//  BuildPhysicsTable - enable print of parameters                    //
//                                                                    //
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 
void G4RadioactiveDecay::BuildPhysicsTable(const G4ParticleDefinition&)
{
  if (!isInitialised) {
    isInitialised = true;
#ifdef G4VERBOSE
    if(G4HadronicParameters::Instance()->GetVerboseLevel() > 0  &&
       G4Threading::IsMasterThread()) { StreamInfo(G4cout, "\n"); }
#endif
  }
  G4HadronicProcessStore::
   Instance()->RegisterParticleForExtraProcess(this,G4GenericIon::GenericIon());
}
 
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//                                                                    //
//  StreamInfo - stream out parameters                                //
//                                                                    //
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 
void G4RadioactiveDecay::StreamInfo(std::ostream& os, const G4String& endline)
{
  G4DeexPrecoParameters* deex = 
    G4NuclearLevelData::GetInstance()->GetParameters();
  G4EmParameters* emparam = G4EmParameters::Instance();
  
  G4int prec = os.precision(5);
  os << "=======================================================================" 
     << endline;
  os << "======       Radioactive Decay Physics Parameters              ========" 
     << endline;
  os << "=======================================================================" 
     << endline;
  os << "Max life time                                     " 
     << deex->GetMaxLifeTime()/CLHEP::ps << " ps" << endline;
  os << "Internal e- conversion flag                       " 
     << deex->GetInternalConversionFlag() << endline;
  os << "Stored internal conversion coefficients           " 
     << deex->StoreICLevelData() << endline;
  os << "Enable correlated gamma emission                  " 
     << deex->CorrelatedGamma() << endline;
  os << "Max 2J for sampling of angular correlations       " 
     << deex->GetTwoJMAX() << endline;
  os << "Atomic de-excitation enabled                      " 
     << emparam->Fluo() << endline;
  os << "Auger electron emission enabled                   " 
     << emparam->Auger() << endline;
  os << "Auger cascade enabled                             " 
     << emparam->AugerCascade() << endline;
  os << "Check EM cuts disabled for atomic de-excitation   " 
     << emparam->DeexcitationIgnoreCut() << endline;
  os << "Use Bearden atomic level energies                 " 
     << emparam->BeardenFluoDir() << endline;
  os << "=======================================================================" 
     << endline;
  os.precision(prec);
}    
 
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//                                                                            //
//  LoadDecayTable loads the decay scheme from the RadioactiveDecay database  // 
//  for the parent nucleus.                                                   //
//                                                                            //
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 
G4DecayTable*
G4RadioactiveDecay::LoadDecayTable(const G4ParticleDefinition& theParentNucleus)
{
  // Generate input data file name using Z and A of the parent nucleus
  // file containing radioactive decay data.
  G4int A = ((const G4Ions*)(&theParentNucleus))->GetAtomicMass();
  G4int Z = ((const G4Ions*)(&theParentNucleus))->GetAtomicNumber();
 
  G4double levelEnergy = ((const G4Ions*)(&theParentNucleus))->GetExcitationEnergy();
  G4Ions::G4FloatLevelBase floatingLevel =
    ((const G4Ions*)(&theParentNucleus))->GetFloatLevelBase();
 
#ifdef G4MULTITHREADED
  G4AutoLock lk(&G4RadioactiveDecay::radioactiveDecayMutex);
 
  G4String key = theParentNucleus.GetParticleName();
  DecayTableMap::iterator master_table_ptr = master_dkmap->find(key);
 
  if (master_table_ptr != master_dkmap->end() ) {   // If table is there              
    return master_table_ptr->second;
  }
#endif
 
  //Check if data have been provided by the user
  G4String file = theUserRadioactiveDataFiles[1000*A+Z];
 
  if (file == "") {
    std::ostringstream os;
    os << dirPath << "/z" << Z << ".a" << A << '\0';
    file = os.str();
  }
 
  G4DecayTable* theDecayTable = new G4DecayTable();
  G4bool found(false);     // True if energy level matches one in table
 
  std::ifstream DecaySchemeFile;
  DecaySchemeFile.open(file);
 
  if (DecaySchemeFile.good()) {
    // Initialize variables used for reading in radioactive decay data
    G4bool floatMatch(false);
    const G4int nMode = 12;
    G4double modeTotalBR[nMode] = {0.0};
    G4double modeSumBR[nMode];
    for (G4int i = 0; i < nMode; i++) {
      modeSumBR[i] = 0.0;
    }
 
    char inputChars[120]={' '};
    G4String inputLine;
    G4String recordType("");
    G4String floatingFlag("");
    G4String daughterFloatFlag("");
    G4Ions::G4FloatLevelBase daughterFloatLevel;
    G4RadioactiveDecayMode theDecayMode;
    G4double decayModeTotal(0.0);
    G4double parentExcitation(0.0);
    G4double a(0.0);
    G4double b(0.0);
    G4double c(0.0);
    G4double dummy(0.0);
    G4BetaDecayType betaType(allowed);
 
    // Loop through each data file record until you identify the decay
    // data relating to the nuclide of concern.
 
    G4bool complete(false);  // bool insures only one set of values read for any
                             // given parent energy level
    G4int loop = 0;
    while (!complete && !DecaySchemeFile.getline(inputChars, 120).eof()) {  /* Loop checking, 01.09.2015, D.Wright */
      loop++;
      if (loop > 100000) {
        G4Exception("G4RadioactiveDecay::LoadDecayTable()", "HAD_RDM_100",
                    JustWarning, "While loop count exceeded");
        break;
      }
 
      inputLine = inputChars;
      inputLine = inputLine.strip(1);
      if (inputChars[0] != '#' && inputLine.length() != 0) {
        std::istringstream tmpStream(inputLine);
 
        if (inputChars[0] == 'P') {
          // Nucleus is a parent type.  Check excitation level to see if it
          // matches that of theParentNucleus
          tmpStream >> recordType >> parentExcitation >> floatingFlag >> dummy;
          // "dummy" takes the place of half-life
          //  Now read in from ENSDFSTATE in particle category
 
          if (found) {
            complete = true;
          } else {
            // Take first level which matches excitation energy regardless of floating level
            found = (std::abs(parentExcitation*keV - levelEnergy) < levelTolerance);
            if (floatingLevel != noFloat) {
              // If floating level specificed, require match of both energy and floating level
              floatMatch = (floatingLevel == G4Ions::FloatLevelBase(floatingFlag.back()) );
              if (!floatMatch) found = false;
            }
          }
 
        } else if (found) {
          // The right part of the radioactive decay data file has been found.  Search
          // through it to determine the mode of decay of the subsequent records.
 
          // Store for later the total decay probability for each decay mode 
          if (inputLine.length() < 72) {
            tmpStream >> theDecayMode >> dummy >> decayModeTotal;
            switch (theDecayMode) {
              case IT:
                {
                G4ITDecay* anITChannel = new G4ITDecay(&theParentNucleus, decayModeTotal,
                                                       0.0, 0.0, photonEvaporation);
                anITChannel->SetHLThreshold(halflifethreshold);
                anITChannel->SetARM(applyARM);
                theDecayTable->Insert(anITChannel);
//                anITChannel->DumpNuclearInfo();
                }
                break;
              case BetaMinus:
                modeTotalBR[1] = decayModeTotal; break;
              case BetaPlus:
                modeTotalBR[2] = decayModeTotal; break;
              case KshellEC:
                modeTotalBR[3] = decayModeTotal; break;
              case LshellEC:
                modeTotalBR[4] = decayModeTotal; break;
              case MshellEC:
                modeTotalBR[5] = decayModeTotal; break;
              case NshellEC:
                modeTotalBR[6] = decayModeTotal; break;
              case Alpha:
                modeTotalBR[7] = decayModeTotal; break;
              case Proton:
                modeTotalBR[8] = decayModeTotal; break;
              case Neutron:
                modeTotalBR[9] = decayModeTotal; break;
              case BDProton:
                break;
              case BDNeutron:
                break;
              case Beta2Minus:
                break;
              case Beta2Plus:
                break;
              case Proton2:
                break;
              case Neutron2:
                break;
              case SpFission:
                modeTotalBR[10] = decayModeTotal;  break;
              case Triton:
                modeTotalBR[11] = decayModeTotal;  break;
              case RDM_ERROR:
 
              default:
                G4Exception("G4RadioactiveDecay::LoadDecayTable()", "HAD_RDM_000",
                            FatalException, "Selected decay mode does not exist");
            }  // switch
 
          } else {
            if (inputLine.length() < 84) {
              tmpStream >> theDecayMode >> a >> daughterFloatFlag >> b >> c;
              betaType = allowed;
            } else {
              tmpStream >> theDecayMode >> a >> daughterFloatFlag >> b >> c >> betaType;
            }
 
            // Allowed transitions are the default. Forbidden transitions are
            // indicated in the last column.
            a /= 1000.;
            c /= 1000.;
            b/=100.;
            daughterFloatLevel = G4Ions::FloatLevelBase(daughterFloatFlag.back());
 
            switch (theDecayMode) {
              case BetaMinus:
              {
                G4BetaMinusDecay* aBetaMinusChannel =
                  new G4BetaMinusDecay(&theParentNucleus, b, c*MeV, a*MeV,
                                       daughterFloatLevel, betaType);
//              aBetaMinusChannel->DumpNuclearInfo();
                aBetaMinusChannel->SetHLThreshold(halflifethreshold);
                theDecayTable->Insert(aBetaMinusChannel);
                modeSumBR[1] += b;
              }
              break;
 
              case BetaPlus:
              {
                G4BetaPlusDecay* aBetaPlusChannel =
                  new G4BetaPlusDecay(&theParentNucleus, b, c*MeV, a*MeV,
                                      daughterFloatLevel, betaType);
//              aBetaPlusChannel->DumpNuclearInfo();
                aBetaPlusChannel->SetHLThreshold(halflifethreshold);
                theDecayTable->Insert(aBetaPlusChannel);
                modeSumBR[2] += b;
              }
              break;
 
              case KshellEC:  // K-shell electron capture
              {
                G4ECDecay* aKECChannel =
                  new G4ECDecay(&theParentNucleus, b, c*MeV, a*MeV,
                                daughterFloatLevel, KshellEC);
//              aKECChannel->DumpNuclearInfo();
                aKECChannel->SetHLThreshold(halflifethreshold);
                aKECChannel->SetARM(applyARM);
                theDecayTable->Insert(aKECChannel);
                modeSumBR[3] += b;
              }
              break;
 
              case LshellEC:  // L-shell electron capture
              {
                G4ECDecay* aLECChannel =
                  new G4ECDecay(&theParentNucleus, b, c*MeV, a*MeV,
                                daughterFloatLevel, LshellEC);
//              aLECChannel->DumpNuclearInfo();
                aLECChannel->SetHLThreshold(halflifethreshold);
                aLECChannel->SetARM(applyARM);
                theDecayTable->Insert(aLECChannel);
                modeSumBR[4] += b;
              }
              break;
 
              case MshellEC:  // M-shell electron capture
              {
                G4ECDecay* aMECChannel =
                  new G4ECDecay(&theParentNucleus, b, c*MeV, a*MeV,
                                daughterFloatLevel, MshellEC);
//              aMECChannel->DumpNuclearInfo();
                aMECChannel->SetHLThreshold(halflifethreshold);
                aMECChannel->SetARM(applyARM);
                theDecayTable->Insert(aMECChannel);
                modeSumBR[5] += b;
              }
              break;
 
              case NshellEC:  // N-shell electron capture
              {
                G4ECDecay* aNECChannel =
                  new G4ECDecay(&theParentNucleus, b, c*MeV, a*MeV,
                                daughterFloatLevel, NshellEC);
//              aNECChannel->DumpNuclearInfo();
                aNECChannel->SetHLThreshold(halflifethreshold);
                aNECChannel->SetARM(applyARM);
                theDecayTable->Insert(aNECChannel);
                modeSumBR[6] += b;
              }
              break;
 
              case Alpha:
              {
                G4AlphaDecay* anAlphaChannel =
                  new G4AlphaDecay(&theParentNucleus, b, c*MeV, a*MeV,
                                   daughterFloatLevel);
//              anAlphaChannel->DumpNuclearInfo();
                anAlphaChannel->SetHLThreshold(halflifethreshold);
                theDecayTable->Insert(anAlphaChannel);
                modeSumBR[7] += b;
              }
              break;
 
          case Proton:
              {
                G4ProtonDecay* aProtonChannel =
                  new G4ProtonDecay(&theParentNucleus, b, c*MeV, a*MeV,
                                    daughterFloatLevel);
//              aProtonChannel->DumpNuclearInfo();
                aProtonChannel->SetHLThreshold(halflifethreshold);
                theDecayTable->Insert(aProtonChannel);
                modeSumBR[8] += b;
              }
              break;
 
              case Neutron:
              {
                G4NeutronDecay* aNeutronChannel =
                  new G4NeutronDecay(&theParentNucleus, b, c*MeV, a*MeV,
                                     daughterFloatLevel);
//              aNeutronChannel->DumpNuclearInfo();
                aNeutronChannel->SetHLThreshold(halflifethreshold);
                theDecayTable->Insert(aNeutronChannel);
                modeSumBR[9] += b;
              }
              break;
 
              case BDProton:
                  // Not yet implemented
                  // G4cout << " beta-delayed proton decay, a = " << a << ", b = " << b << ", c = " << c << G4endl;
                  break;
              case BDNeutron:
                  // Not yet implemented
                  // G4cout << " beta-delayed neutron decay, a = " << a << ", b = " << b << ", c = " << c << G4endl;
                  break;
              case Beta2Minus:
                  // Not yet implemented
                  // G4cout << " Double beta- decay, a = " << a << ", b = " << b << ", c = " << c << G4endl;
                  break;
              case Beta2Plus:
                  // Not yet implemented
                  // G4cout << " Double beta+ decay, a = " << a << ", b = " << b << ", c = " << c << G4endl;
                  break;
              case Proton2:
                  // Not yet implemented
                  // G4cout << " Double proton decay, a = " << a << ", b = " << b << ", c = " << c << G4endl;
                  break;
              case Neutron2:
                  // Not yet implemented
                  // G4cout << " Double beta- decay, a = " << a << ", b = " << b << ", c = " << c << G4endl;
                  break;
              case SpFission:
              {
                G4SFDecay* aSpontFissChannel =
//                  new G4SFDecay(&theParentNucleus, decayModeTotal, 0.0, 0.0);
                  new G4SFDecay(&theParentNucleus, b, c*MeV, a*MeV,
                                daughterFloatLevel);
                theDecayTable->Insert(aSpontFissChannel);
                modeSumBR[10] += b;
              }
              break;
              case Triton:
              {
                 G4TritonDecay* aTritonChannel =
                     new G4TritonDecay(&theParentNucleus, b, c*MeV, a*MeV,
                                     daughterFloatLevel);
                    //              anTritonChannel->DumpNuclearInfo();
                 aTritonChannel->SetHLThreshold(halflifethreshold);
                 theDecayTable->Insert(aTritonChannel);
                 modeSumBR[11] += b;
                }
                    break;
 
              case RDM_ERROR:
 
              default:
                G4Exception("G4RadioactiveDecay::LoadDecayTable()", "HAD_RDM_000",
                            FatalException, "Selected decay mode does not exist");
            }  // switch
          }  // line < 72
        }  // if char == P
      }  // if char != #
    }  // While
 
    // Go through the decay table and make sure that the branching ratios are
    // correctly normalised.
 
    G4VDecayChannel* theChannel = 0;
    G4NuclearDecay* theNuclearDecayChannel = 0;
    G4String mode = "";
 
    G4double theBR = 0.0;
    for (G4int i = 0; i < theDecayTable->entries(); i++) {
      theChannel = theDecayTable->GetDecayChannel(i);
      theNuclearDecayChannel = static_cast<G4NuclearDecay*>(theChannel);
      theDecayMode = theNuclearDecayChannel->GetDecayMode();
 
      if (theDecayMode != IT) {
    theBR = theChannel->GetBR();
    theChannel->SetBR(theBR*modeTotalBR[theDecayMode]/modeSumBR[theDecayMode]);
      }
    }
  }  // decay file exists
 
  DecaySchemeFile.close();
 
  if (!found && levelEnergy > 0) {
    // Case where IT cascade for excited isotopes has no entries in RDM database
    // Decay mode is isomeric transition.
    G4ITDecay* anITChannel = new G4ITDecay(&theParentNucleus, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0,
                                           photonEvaporation);
    anITChannel->SetHLThreshold(halflifethreshold);
    anITChannel->SetARM(applyARM);
    theDecayTable->Insert(anITChannel);
  }
 
  if (theDecayTable && GetVerboseLevel() > 1) {
    theDecayTable->DumpInfo();
  }
 
#ifdef G4MULTITHREADED
  //(*master_dkmap)[key] = theDecayTable;                  // store in master library 
#endif
  return theDecayTable;
}
 
void
G4RadioactiveDecay::AddUserDecayDataFile(G4int Z, G4int A, G4String filename)
{
  if (Z < 1 || A < 2) G4cout << "Z and A not valid!" << G4endl;
 
  std::ifstream DecaySchemeFile(filename);
  if (DecaySchemeFile) {
    G4int ID_ion = A*1000 + Z;
    theUserRadioactiveDataFiles[ID_ion] = filename;
  } else {
    G4cout << "The file " << filename << " does not exist!" << G4endl;
  }
}
 
 
void
G4RadioactiveDecay::SetDecayRate(G4int theZ, G4int theA, G4double theE, 
                                 G4int theG, std::vector<G4double> theCoefficients, 
                                 std::vector<G4double> theTaos)
//  Why not make this a method of G4RadioactiveDecayRate? (e.g. SetParameters)
{ 
  //fill the decay rate vector 
  ratesToDaughter.SetZ(theZ);
  ratesToDaughter.SetA(theA);
  ratesToDaughter.SetE(theE);
  ratesToDaughter.SetGeneration(theG);
  ratesToDaughter.SetDecayRateC(theCoefficients);
  ratesToDaughter.SetTaos(theTaos);
}
 
 
void G4RadioactiveDecay::
CalculateChainsFromParent(const G4ParticleDefinition& theParentNucleus)
{
  // Use extended Bateman equation to calculate the radioactivities of all
  // progeny of theParentNucleus.  The coefficients required to do this are 
  // calculated using the method of P. Truscott (Ph.D. thesis and
  // DERA Technical Note DERA/CIS/CIS2/7/36/4/10) 11 January 2000.
  // Coefficients are then added to the decay rate table vector
 
  // Create and initialise variables used in the method.
  theDecayRateVector.clear();
 
  G4int nGeneration = 0;
 
  std::vector<G4double> taos;
 
  // Dimensionless A coefficients of Eqs. 4.24 and 4.25 of the TN
  std::vector<G4double> Acoeffs;
 
  // According to Eq. 4.26 the first coefficient (A_1:1) is -1
  Acoeffs.push_back(-1.);
 
  G4int A = ((const G4Ions*)(&theParentNucleus))->GetAtomicMass();
  G4int Z = ((const G4Ions*)(&theParentNucleus))->GetAtomicNumber();
  G4double E = ((const G4Ions*)(&theParentNucleus))->GetExcitationEnergy();
  G4double tao = theParentNucleus.GetPDGLifeTime();
  if (tao < 0.) tao = 1e-100;
  taos.push_back(tao);
  G4int nEntry = 0;
 
  // Fill the decay rate container (G4RadioactiveDecayRatesToDaughter) with
  // the parent isotope data
  SetDecayRate(Z,A,E,nGeneration,Acoeffs,taos);
 
  // store the decay rate in decay rate vector
  theDecayRateVector.push_back(ratesToDaughter);
  nEntry++;
 
  // Now start treating the secondary generations.
  G4bool stable = false;
  G4int i;
  G4int j;
  G4VDecayChannel* theChannel = 0;
  G4NuclearDecay* theNuclearDecayChannel = 0;
 
  G4ITDecay* theITChannel = 0;
  G4BetaMinusDecay* theBetaMinusChannel = 0;
  G4BetaPlusDecay* theBetaPlusChannel = 0;
  G4AlphaDecay* theAlphaChannel = 0;
  G4ProtonDecay* theProtonChannel = 0;
  G4TritonDecay* theTritonChannel = 0;
  G4NeutronDecay* theNeutronChannel = 0;
  G4SFDecay* theFissionChannel = 0;
 
  G4RadioactiveDecayMode theDecayMode;
  G4double theBR = 0.0;
  G4int AP = 0;
  G4int ZP = 0;
  G4int AD = 0;
  G4int ZD = 0;
  G4double EP = 0.;
  std::vector<G4double> TP;
  std::vector<G4double> RP;   // A coefficients of the previous generation
  G4ParticleDefinition *theDaughterNucleus;
  G4double daughterExcitation;
  G4double nearestEnergy = 0.0;
  G4int nearestLevelIndex = 0;
  G4ParticleDefinition *aParentNucleus;
  G4IonTable* theIonTable;
  G4DecayTable* parentDecayTable;
  G4double theRate;
  G4double TaoPlus;
  G4int nS = 0;        // Running index of first decay in a given generation
  G4int nT = nEntry;   // Total number of decays accumulated over entire history
  const G4int nMode = 12;
  G4double brs[nMode];
 
  //
  theIonTable =
    (G4IonTable*)(G4ParticleTable::GetParticleTable()->GetIonTable());
 
  G4int loop = 0;
 
  while (!stable) {   /* Loop checking, 01.09.2015, D.Wright */
    loop++;
    if (loop > 10000) {
      G4Exception("G4RadioactiveDecay::CalculateChainsFromParent()", "HAD_RDM_100",
                  JustWarning, "While loop count exceeded");
      break;
    }
    nGeneration++;
    for (j = nS; j < nT; j++) {
      // First time through, get data for parent nuclide
      ZP = theDecayRateVector[j].GetZ();
      AP = theDecayRateVector[j].GetA();
      EP = theDecayRateVector[j].GetE();
      RP = theDecayRateVector[j].GetDecayRateC();
      TP = theDecayRateVector[j].GetTaos();
      if (GetVerboseLevel() > 1) {
        G4cout << "G4RadioactiveDecay::CalculateChainsFromParent: daughters of ("
               << ZP << ", " << AP << ", " << EP
               << ") are being calculated,  generation = " << nGeneration
               << G4endl;
      }
//      G4cout << " Taus = " << G4endl;
//      for (G4int ii = 0; ii < TP.size(); ii++) G4cout << TP[ii] << ", " ;
//      G4cout << G4endl;
 
      aParentNucleus = theIonTable->GetIon(ZP,AP,EP);
      parentDecayTable = GetDecayTable(aParentNucleus);
 
      G4DecayTable* summedDecayTable = new G4DecayTable();
      // This instance of G4DecayTable is for accumulating BRs and decay
      // channels.  It will contain one decay channel per type of decay
      // (alpha, beta, etc.); its branching ratio will be the sum of all
      // branching ratios for that type of decay of the parent.  If the
      // halflife of a particular channel is longer than some threshold,
      // that channel will be inserted specifically and its branching
      // ratio will not be included in the above sums.
      // This instance is not used to perform actual decays.
 
      for (G4int k = 0; k < nMode; k++) brs[k] = 0.0;
 
      // Go through the decay table and sum all channels having the same decay mode
      for (i = 0; i < parentDecayTable->entries(); i++) {
        theChannel = parentDecayTable->GetDecayChannel(i);
        theNuclearDecayChannel = static_cast<G4NuclearDecay*>(theChannel);
        theDecayMode = theNuclearDecayChannel->GetDecayMode();
        daughterExcitation = theNuclearDecayChannel->GetDaughterExcitation();
        theDaughterNucleus = theNuclearDecayChannel->GetDaughterNucleus() ;
 
        AD = ((const G4Ions*)(theDaughterNucleus))->GetAtomicMass();
        ZD = ((const G4Ions*)(theDaughterNucleus))->GetAtomicNumber();  
        const G4LevelManager* levelManager =
          G4NuclearLevelData::GetInstance()->GetLevelManager(ZD,AD);
 
        if (levelManager->NumberOfTransitions() ) {
          nearestEnergy = levelManager->NearestLevelEnergy(daughterExcitation);
          if (std::abs(daughterExcitation - nearestEnergy) < levelTolerance) {
            // Level half-life is in ns and the threshold is set to 1 micros
            // by default, user can set it via the UI command
            nearestLevelIndex = levelManager->NearestLevelIndex(daughterExcitation);
            if (levelManager->LifeTime(nearestLevelIndex)*ns >= halflifethreshold){
              // save the metastable nucleus 
              summedDecayTable->Insert(theChannel);
            } else {
              brs[theDecayMode] += theChannel->GetBR();
            }
          } else {
            brs[theDecayMode] += theChannel->GetBR();
          }
        } else {
          brs[theDecayMode] += theChannel->GetBR();
        }
      } // Combine decay channels (loop i)
        
      brs[2] = brs[2]+brs[3]+brs[4]+brs[5]+brs[6];  // Combine beta+ and EC 
      brs[3] = brs[4] = brs[5] = brs[6] = 0.0;
      for (i = 0; i < nMode; i++) {                 // loop over decay modes
        if (brs[i] > 0.) {
          switch (i) {
          case 0:
            // Decay mode is isomeric transition
            theITChannel = new G4ITDecay(aParentNucleus, brs[0], 0.0, 0.0,
                                         photonEvaporation);
 
            summedDecayTable->Insert(theITChannel);
            break;
 
          case 1:
            // Decay mode is beta-
            theBetaMinusChannel = new G4BetaMinusDecay(aParentNucleus, brs[1],
                                                       0.*MeV, 0.*MeV,
                                                       noFloat, allowed);
            summedDecayTable->Insert(theBetaMinusChannel);
            break;
 
          case 2:
            // Decay mode is beta+ + EC.
            theBetaPlusChannel = new G4BetaPlusDecay(aParentNucleus, brs[2],    // DHW: April 2015
                                                     0.*MeV, 0.*MeV,
                                                     noFloat, allowed);
            summedDecayTable->Insert(theBetaPlusChannel);
            break;
 
          case 7:
            // Decay mode is alpha.
            theAlphaChannel = new G4AlphaDecay(aParentNucleus, brs[7], 0.*MeV,
                                               0.*MeV, noFloat);
            summedDecayTable->Insert(theAlphaChannel);
            break;
 
      case 8:
            // Decay mode is proton.
            theProtonChannel = new G4ProtonDecay(aParentNucleus, brs[8], 0.*MeV,
                                                 0.*MeV, noFloat);
            summedDecayTable->Insert(theProtonChannel);
            break;
 
      case 9:
            // Decay mode is neutron.
            theNeutronChannel = new G4NeutronDecay(aParentNucleus, brs[9], 0.*MeV,
                                                   0.*MeV, noFloat);
            summedDecayTable->Insert(theNeutronChannel);
            break;
 
          case 10:
            // Decay mode is spontaneous fission
            theFissionChannel = new G4SFDecay(aParentNucleus, brs[10], 0.*MeV,
                                              0.*MeV, noFloat);
            summedDecayTable->Insert(theFissionChannel);
            break;
          case 11:
            // Decay mode is triton.
            theTritonChannel = new G4TritonDecay(aParentNucleus, brs[11], 0.*MeV,
                                                0.*MeV, noFloat);
            summedDecayTable->Insert(theTritonChannel);
            break;
            
          default:
            break;
          }
        }
      }
      // loop over all branches in summedDecayTable
      //
      for (i = 0; i < summedDecayTable->entries(); i++){
        theChannel = summedDecayTable->GetDecayChannel(i);
        theNuclearDecayChannel = static_cast<G4NuclearDecay*>(theChannel);
        theBR = theChannel->GetBR();
        theDaughterNucleus = theNuclearDecayChannel->GetDaughterNucleus();
 
        // First check if the decay of the original nucleus is an IT channel,
        // if true create a new ground-state nucleus
        if (theNuclearDecayChannel->GetDecayMode() == IT && nGeneration == 1) {
 
          A = ((const G4Ions*)(theDaughterNucleus))->GetAtomicMass();
          Z = ((const G4Ions*)(theDaughterNucleus))->GetAtomicNumber();
          theDaughterNucleus=theIonTable->GetIon(Z,A,0.);
        }
        if (IsApplicable(*theDaughterNucleus) && theBR && 
            aParentNucleus != theDaughterNucleus) { 
          // need to make sure daughter has decay table
          parentDecayTable = GetDecayTable(theDaughterNucleus);
 
          if (parentDecayTable->entries() ) {
            A = ((const G4Ions*)(theDaughterNucleus))->GetAtomicMass();
            Z = ((const G4Ions*)(theDaughterNucleus))->GetAtomicNumber();
            E = ((const G4Ions*)(theDaughterNucleus))->GetExcitationEnergy();
 
            TaoPlus = theDaughterNucleus->GetPDGLifeTime();
            if (TaoPlus <= 0.)  TaoPlus = 1e-100;
 
            // first set the taos, one simply need to add to the parent ones
            taos.clear();
            taos = TP;   // load lifetimes of all previous generations 
            size_t k;
            //check that TaoPlus differs from other taos from at least 1.e5 relative difference
            //for (k = 0; k < TP.size(); k++){
            //if (std::abs((TaoPlus-TP[k])/TP[k])<1.e-5 ) TaoPlus=1.00001*TP[k];
            //}
            taos.push_back(TaoPlus);  // add daughter lifetime to list
            // now calculate the coefficiencies
            //
            // they are in two parts, first the less than n ones
            // Eq 4.24 of the TN
            Acoeffs.clear();
            long double ta1,ta2;
            ta2 = (long double)TaoPlus;
            for (k = 0; k < RP.size(); k++){
              ta1 = (long double)TP[k];    // loop over lifetimes of all previous generations
              if (ta1 == ta2) {
                theRate = 1.e100;
              } else {
                theRate = ta1/(ta1-ta2);
              }
              theRate = theRate * theBR * RP[k];
              Acoeffs.push_back(theRate);
            }
 
            // the second part: the n:n coefficiency
            // Eq 4.25 of the TN.  Note Yn+1 is zero apart from Y1 which is -1
            // as treated at line 1013 
            theRate = 0.;
            long double aRate, aRate1;
            aRate1 = 0.L;
            for (k = 0; k < RP.size(); k++){
              ta1 = (long double)TP[k];
              if (ta1 == ta2 ) {
                aRate = 1.e100;
              } else {
                aRate = ta2/(ta1-ta2);
              }
              aRate = aRate * (long double)(theBR * RP[k]);
              aRate1 += aRate;
            }
            theRate = -aRate1;
            Acoeffs.push_back(theRate);           
            SetDecayRate (Z,A,E,nGeneration,Acoeffs,taos);
            theDecayRateVector.push_back(ratesToDaughter);
            nEntry++;
          } // there are entries in the table
        } // nuclide is OK to decay
      } // end of loop (i) over decay table branches
 
      delete summedDecayTable;
 
    } // Getting contents of decay rate vector (end loop on j)
    nS = nT;
    nT = nEntry;
    if (nS == nT) stable = true;
  } // while nuclide is not stable
 
  // end of while loop
  // the calculation completed here
 
 
  // fill the first part of the decay rate table
  // which is the name of the original particle (isotope)
  chainsFromParent.SetIonName(theParentNucleus.GetParticleName()); 
 
  // now fill the decay table with the newly completed decay rate vector
  chainsFromParent.SetItsRates(theDecayRateVector);
 
  // finally add the decayratetable to the tablevector
  theParentChainTable.push_back(chainsFromParent);
}
 
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//                                                                            //
//  SetSourceTimeProfile                                                      //
//     read in the source time profile function (histogram)                   //
//                                                                            //
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 
void G4RadioactiveDecay::SetSourceTimeProfile(G4String filename)
{
  std::ifstream infile ( filename, std::ios::in );
  if (!infile) {
    G4ExceptionDescription ed;
    ed << " Could not open file " << filename << G4endl; 
    G4Exception("G4RadioactiveDecay::SetSourceTimeProfile()", "HAD_RDM_001",
                FatalException, ed);
  }
 
  G4double bin, flux;
  NSourceBin = -1;
 
  G4int loop = 0;
  while (infile >> bin >> flux) {  /* Loop checking, 01.09.2015, D.Wright */
    loop++;
    if (loop > 10000) {
      G4Exception("G4RadioactiveDecay::SetSourceTimeProfile()", "HAD_RDM_100",
                  JustWarning, "While loop count exceeded");
      break;
    }
 
    NSourceBin++;
    if (NSourceBin > 99) {
      G4Exception("G4RadioactiveDecay::SetSourceTimeProfile()", "HAD_RDM_002",
                  FatalException, "Input source time file too big (>100 rows)");
 
    } else {
      SBin[NSourceBin] = bin * s;
      SProfile[NSourceBin] = flux;
    }
  }
  SetAnalogueMonteCarlo(0);
  infile.close();
 
#ifdef G4VERBOSE
  if (GetVerboseLevel() > 1)
    G4cout <<" Source Timeprofile Nbin = " << NSourceBin <<G4endl;
#endif
}
 
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//                                                                            //
//  SetDecayBiasProfile                                                       //
//    read in the decay bias scheme function (histogram)                      //
//                                                                            //
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 
void G4RadioactiveDecay::SetDecayBias(G4String filename)
{
  
  std::ifstream infile(filename, std::ios::in);
  if (!infile) G4Exception("G4RadioactiveDecay::SetDecayBias()", "HAD_RDM_003",
                           FatalException, "Unable to open bias data file" );
 
  G4double bin, flux;
  G4int dWindows = 0;
  G4int i ;
 
  theRadioactivityTables.clear();
 
  NDecayBin = -1;
 
  G4int loop = 0;
  while (infile >> bin >> flux ) {  /* Loop checking, 01.09.2015, D.Wright */
    NDecayBin++;
    loop++;
    if (loop > 10000) {
      G4Exception("G4RadioactiveDecay::SetDecayBias()", "HAD_RDM_100",
                  JustWarning, "While loop count exceeded");
      break;
    }
 
    if (NDecayBin > 99) {
      G4Exception("G4RadioactiveDecay::SetDecayBias()", "HAD_RDM_004",
                  FatalException, "Input bias file too big (>100 rows)" );
    } else {
      DBin[NDecayBin] = bin * s;
      DProfile[NDecayBin] = flux;
      if (flux > 0.) {
        decayWindows[NDecayBin] = dWindows;
        dWindows++;
        G4RadioactivityTable *rTable = new G4RadioactivityTable() ;
        theRadioactivityTables.push_back(rTable);
      }
    }
  }
  for ( i = 1; i<= NDecayBin; i++) DProfile[i] += DProfile[i-1];
  for ( i = 0; i<= NDecayBin; i++) DProfile[i] /= DProfile[NDecayBin];
  // converted to accumulated probabilities
 
  SetAnalogueMonteCarlo(0);
  infile.close();
 
#ifdef G4VERBOSE
  if (GetVerboseLevel() > 1)
    G4cout <<" Decay Bias Profile  Nbin = " << NDecayBin <<G4endl;
#endif
}
 
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//                                                                            //
//  DecayIt                                                                   //
//                                                                            //
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 
G4VParticleChange*
G4RadioactiveDecay::DecayIt(const G4Track& theTrack, const G4Step&)
{
  // Initialize G4ParticleChange object, get particle details and decay table
 
  fParticleChangeForRadDecay.Initialize(theTrack);
  fParticleChangeForRadDecay.ProposeWeight(theTrack.GetWeight());
  const G4DynamicParticle* theParticle = theTrack.GetDynamicParticle();
  const G4ParticleDefinition* theParticleDef = theParticle->GetDefinition();
 
  // First check whether RDM applies to the current logical volume
  if (!isAllVolumesMode) {
    if (!std::binary_search(ValidVolumes.begin(), ValidVolumes.end(),
                     theTrack.GetVolume()->GetLogicalVolume()->GetName())) {
#ifdef G4VERBOSE
      if (GetVerboseLevel()>1) {
        G4cout <<"G4RadioactiveDecay::DecayIt : "
               << theTrack.GetVolume()->GetLogicalVolume()->GetName()
               << " is not selected for the RDM"<< G4endl;
        G4cout << " There are " << ValidVolumes.size() << " volumes" << G4endl;
        G4cout << " The Valid volumes are " << G4endl;
        for (size_t i = 0; i< ValidVolumes.size(); i++)
                                  G4cout << ValidVolumes[i] << G4endl;
      }
#endif
      fParticleChangeForRadDecay.SetNumberOfSecondaries(0);
 
      // Kill the parent particle.
      fParticleChangeForRadDecay.ProposeTrackStatus(fStopAndKill) ;
      fParticleChangeForRadDecay.ProposeLocalEnergyDeposit(0.0);
      ClearNumberOfInteractionLengthLeft();
      return &fParticleChangeForRadDecay;
    }
  }
 
  // Now check if particle is valid for RDM
  if (!(IsApplicable(*theParticleDef) ) ) { 
    // Particle is not an ion or is outside the nucleuslimits for decay
#ifdef G4VERBOSE
    if (GetVerboseLevel() > 1) {
      G4cout << " G4RadioactiveDecay::DecayIt : "
             << theParticleDef->GetParticleName() 
             << " is not a valid nucleus for the RDM. "<< G4endl;
      G4cout << " Set particle change accordingly. " << G4endl;
    }
#endif
    fParticleChangeForRadDecay.SetNumberOfSecondaries(0);
 
    // Kill the parent particle
    fParticleChangeForRadDecay.ProposeTrackStatus(fStopAndKill) ;
    fParticleChangeForRadDecay.ProposeLocalEnergyDeposit(0.0);
    ClearNumberOfInteractionLengthLeft();
    return &fParticleChangeForRadDecay;
  }
  G4DecayTable* theDecayTable = GetDecayTable(theParticleDef);
 
  if (theDecayTable == 0 || theDecayTable->entries() == 0) {
    // No data in the decay table.  Set particle change parameters
    // to indicate this.
#ifdef G4VERBOSE
    if (GetVerboseLevel() > 1) {
      G4cout <<" G4RadioactiveDecay::DecayIt : decay table not defined for ";
      G4cout << theParticleDef->GetParticleName() << G4endl;
      G4cout << " Set particle change to indicate this. " << G4endl;
    }
#endif
    fParticleChangeForRadDecay.SetNumberOfSecondaries(0);
 
    // Kill the parent particle.
    fParticleChangeForRadDecay.ProposeTrackStatus(fStopAndKill) ;
    fParticleChangeForRadDecay.ProposeLocalEnergyDeposit(0.0);
    ClearNumberOfInteractionLengthLeft();
    return &fParticleChangeForRadDecay;
 
  } else { 
    // Data found.  Try to decay nucleus
    G4double energyDeposit = 0.0;
    G4double finalGlobalTime = theTrack.GetGlobalTime();
    G4double finalLocalTime = theTrack.GetLocalTime();
    G4int index;
    G4ThreeVector currentPosition;
    currentPosition = theTrack.GetPosition();
 
    // Check whether use Analogue or VR implementation
    if (AnalogueMC) {
#ifdef G4VERBOSE
      if (GetVerboseLevel() > 1)
        G4cout <<"DecayIt:  Analogue MC version " << G4endl;
# endif
 
      G4DecayProducts* products = DoDecay(*theParticleDef);
 
      // Check if the product is the same as input and kill the track if
      // necessary to prevent infinite loop (11/05/10, F.Lei)
      if ( products->entries() == 1) {
        fParticleChangeForRadDecay.SetNumberOfSecondaries(0);
        fParticleChangeForRadDecay.ProposeTrackStatus(fStopAndKill);
        fParticleChangeForRadDecay.ProposeLocalEnergyDeposit(0.0);
        ClearNumberOfInteractionLengthLeft();
        return &fParticleChangeForRadDecay;
      }
 
      // Get parent particle information and boost the decay products to the
      // laboratory frame based on this information.
 
      //The Parent Energy used for the boost should be the total energy of
      // the nucleus of the parent ion without the energy of the shell electrons
      // (correction for bug 1359 by L. Desorgher)
      G4double ParentEnergy = theParticle->GetKineticEnergy()
                            + theParticle->GetParticleDefinition()->GetPDGMass();
      G4ThreeVector ParentDirection(theParticle->GetMomentumDirection());
 
      if (theTrack.GetTrackStatus() == fStopButAlive) {
        //this condition seems to be always True, further investigation is needed (L.Desorgher)
 
        // The particle is decayed at rest.
        // since the time is still for rest particle in G4 we need to add the
        // additional time lapsed between the particle come to rest and the
        // actual decay.  This time is simply sampled with the mean-life of
        // the particle.  But we need to protect the case PDGTime < 0.
        // (F.Lei 11/05/10)
        G4double temptime = -std::log( G4UniformRand())
                            *theParticleDef->GetPDGLifeTime();
        if (temptime < 0.) temptime = 0.; 
        finalGlobalTime += temptime;
        finalLocalTime += temptime;
        energyDeposit += theParticle->GetKineticEnergy();
      }
      products->Boost(ParentEnergy, ParentDirection);
 
      // Add products in theParticleChangeForRadDecay.
      G4int numberOfSecondaries = products->entries();
      fParticleChangeForRadDecay.SetNumberOfSecondaries(numberOfSecondaries);
#ifdef G4VERBOSE
      if (GetVerboseLevel()>1) {
        G4cout <<"G4RadioactiveDecay::DecayIt : Decay vertex :";
        G4cout <<" Time: " <<finalGlobalTime/ns <<"[ns]";
        G4cout <<" X:" <<(theTrack.GetPosition()).x() /cm <<"[cm]";
        G4cout <<" Y:" <<(theTrack.GetPosition()).y() /cm <<"[cm]";
        G4cout <<" Z:" <<(theTrack.GetPosition()).z() /cm <<"[cm]";
        G4cout << G4endl;
        G4cout <<"G4Decay::DecayIt  : decay products in Lab. Frame" <<G4endl;
        products->DumpInfo();
        products->IsChecked();
      }
#endif
      for (index=0; index < numberOfSecondaries; index++) {
        G4Track* secondary = new G4Track(products->PopProducts(),
                                         finalGlobalTime, currentPosition);
 
        secondary->SetCreatorModelIndex(theRadDecayMode);
        //Change for atomics relaxation
        if (theRadDecayMode == IT  && index>0){
        if (index == numberOfSecondaries-1) secondary->SetCreatorModelIndex(IT);
                else secondary->SetCreatorModelIndex(30);
         }
        else if (theRadDecayMode >= KshellEC && theRadDecayMode <= NshellEC
                                                             && index <numberOfSecondaries-1){
             secondary->SetCreatorModelIndex(30);
        }
        secondary->SetGoodForTrackingFlag();
        secondary->SetTouchableHandle(theTrack.GetTouchableHandle());
        fParticleChangeForRadDecay.AddSecondary(secondary);
      }
      delete products;
      // end of analogue MC algorithm
 
    } else {
      // Variance Reduction Method
#ifdef G4VERBOSE
      if (GetVerboseLevel()>0)
        G4cout << "DecayIt: Variance Reduction version " << G4endl;
#endif
      // Get decay chains for the given nuclide 
      if (!IsRateTableReady(*theParticleDef)) CalculateChainsFromParent(*theParticleDef);
      GetChainsFromParent(*theParticleDef);
 
      // declare some of the variables required in the implementation
      G4ParticleDefinition* parentNucleus;
      G4IonTable* theIonTable;
      G4int PZ;
      G4int PA;
      G4double PE;
      G4String keyName;
      std::vector<G4double> PT;
      std::vector<G4double> PR;
      G4double tauprob;
      long double decayRate;
 
      size_t i;
//      size_t j;
      G4int numberOfSecondaries;
      G4int totalNumberOfSecondaries = 0;
      G4double currentTime = 0.;
      G4int ndecaych;
      G4DynamicParticle* asecondaryparticle;
      std::vector<G4DynamicParticle*> secondaryparticles;
      std::vector<G4double> pw;
      std::vector<G4double> ptime;
      pw.clear();
      ptime.clear();
 
      //now apply the nucleus splitting
      for (G4int n = 0; n < NSplit; n++) {
        // Get the decay time following the decay probability function 
        // suppllied by user  
        G4double theDecayTime = GetDecayTime();
        G4int nbin = GetDecayTimeBin(theDecayTime);
 
        // calculate the first part of the weight function  
        G4double weight1 = 1.; 
        if (nbin == 1) {
          weight1 = 1./DProfile[nbin-1] 
                    *(DBin[nbin]-DBin[nbin-1])/NSplit;
        } else if (nbin > 1) {
          weight1 = 1./(DProfile[nbin]-DProfile[nbin-2])
                    *(DBin[nbin]-DBin[nbin-1])/NSplit;
        }
 
        // it should be calculated in seconds
        weight1 /= s ;
        
        // Loop over all the possible secondaries of the nucleus
        // the first one is itself.
        for (i = 0; i < theDecayRateVector.size(); i++) {
          PZ = theDecayRateVector[i].GetZ();
          PA = theDecayRateVector[i].GetA();
          PE = theDecayRateVector[i].GetE();
          PT = theDecayRateVector[i].GetTaos();
          PR = theDecayRateVector[i].GetDecayRateC();
 
          // The array of arrays theDecayRateVector contains all possible decay
          // chains of a given parent nucleus (ZP,AP,EP) to a given descendant
          // nuclide (Z,A,E).
          //
          // theDecayRateVector[0] contains the decay parameters of the parent
          // nucleus
          //           PZ = ZP
          //           PA = AP
          //           PE = EP
          //           PT[] = {TP}
          //           PR[] = {RP}
          //
          // theDecayRateVector[1] contains the decay of the parent to the first
          // generation daughter (Z1,A1,E1).
          //           PZ = Z1
          //           PA = A1
          //           PE = E1
          //           PT[] = {TP, T1}
          //           PR[] = {RP, R1}
          //
          // theDecayRateVector[2] contains the decay of the parent to the first
          // generation daughter (Z1,A1,E1) and the decay of the first
          // generation  daughter to the second generation daughter (Z2,A2,E2).
          //           PZ = Z2
          //           PA = A2
          //           PE = E2
          //           PT[] = {TP, T1, T2}
          //           PR[] = {RP, R1, R2}
          //
          // theDecayRateVector[3] may contain a branch chain
          //           PZ = Z2a
          //           PA = A2a
          //           PE = E2a
          //           PT[] = {TP, T1, T2a}
          //           PR[] = {RP, R1, R2a}
          //
          // and so on.
 
          // Calculate the decay rate of the isotope.  decayRate is the 
          // radioactivity of isotope (PZ,PA,PE) at 'theDecayTime'.
          // It will be used to calculate the statistical weight of the 
          // decay products of this isotope
 
          // For each nuclide, calculate all the decay chains which can reach
          // the parent nuclide
          decayRate = 0.L;
          for (G4int j = 0; j < G4int(PT.size()); j++) {
            tauprob = ConvolveSourceTimeProfile(theDecayTime,PT[j]);
            // tauprob is dimensionless, PR has units of s-1
            decayRate -= PR[j] * (long double)tauprob;
            // Eq.4.23 of of the TN
            // note the negative here is required as the rate in the
            // equation is defined to be negative, 
            // i.e. decay away, but we need positive value here.
 
            // G4cout << j << "\t" << PT[j]/s << "\t" << PR[j] << "\t" << decayRate << G4endl;
          }
 
          // At this point any negative decay rates are probably small enough
          // (order 10**-30) that negative values are likely due to cancellation
          // errors.  Set them to zero.
          if (decayRate < 0.0) decayRate = 0.0;
/*
          if (decayRate < 0.0) {
            if (-decayRate > 1.0e-30) {
              G4ExceptionDescription ed;
              ed << "    Negative decay probability (magnitude > 1e-30) \n"
                 << "    in variance reduction branch " << G4endl;
              G4Exception("G4RadioactiveDecay::DecayIt()",
                          "HAD_RDM_200", JustWarning, ed);
            } else {
              // Decay probability is small enough that negative value is likely
              // due to cancellation errors.  Set it to zero.
              decayRate = 0.0;
            }
          }
 
          if (decayRate < 0.0) G4cout << " NEGATIVE decay rate = " << decayRate << G4endl;
*/
          //  G4cout << theDecayTime/s << "\t" << nbin << G4endl;
          //  G4cout << theTrack.GetWeight() << "\t" << weight1 << "\t" << decayRate << G4endl;
 
          // Add isotope to the radioactivity tables
          // One table for each observation time window specified in
          // SetDecayBias(G4String filename)
          theRadioactivityTables[decayWindows[nbin-1]]
                ->AddIsotope(PZ,PA,PE,weight1*decayRate,theTrack.GetWeight());
 
          // Now calculate the statistical weight
          // One needs to fold the source bias function with the decaytime
          // also need to include the track weight! (F.Lei, 28/10/10)
          G4double weight = weight1*decayRate*theTrack.GetWeight();
 
          // Decay the isotope 
          theIonTable = (G4IonTable *)(G4ParticleTable::GetParticleTable()->GetIonTable());
          parentNucleus = theIonTable->GetIon(PZ,PA,PE);
 
          // Create a temprary products buffer.
          // Its contents to be transfered to the products at the end of the loop
          G4DecayProducts* tempprods = 0;
 
          // Decide whether to apply branching ratio bias or not         
          if (BRBias) {
            G4DecayTable* decayTable = GetDecayTable(parentNucleus);
 
            ndecaych = G4int(decayTable->entries()*G4UniformRand());
            G4VDecayChannel* theDecayChannel = decayTable->GetDecayChannel(ndecaych);
            if (theDecayChannel == 0) {
              // Decay channel not found.
#ifdef G4VERBOSE
              if (GetVerboseLevel() > 0) {
                G4cout << " G4RadioactiveDecay::DoIt : cannot determine decay ";
                G4cout << " channel for this nucleus; decay as if no biasing active ";
                G4cout << G4endl;
                decayTable ->DumpInfo();
              }
#endif
              tempprods = DoDecay(*parentNucleus);  // DHW 6 Dec 2010 - do decay as if no biasing
                                                    //           to avoid deref of temppprods = 0
            } else {
              // A decay channel has been identified, so execute the DecayIt.
              G4double tempmass = parentNucleus->GetPDGMass();
              tempprods = theDecayChannel->DecayIt(tempmass);
              weight *= (theDecayChannel->GetBR())*(decayTable->entries());
            }
          } else {
            tempprods = DoDecay(*parentNucleus);
          }
 
          // Save the secondaries for buffers
          numberOfSecondaries = tempprods->entries();
          currentTime = finalGlobalTime + theDecayTime;
          for (index = 0; index < numberOfSecondaries; index++) {
            asecondaryparticle = tempprods->PopProducts();
            if (asecondaryparticle->GetDefinition()->GetPDGStable() ) {
              pw.push_back(weight);
              ptime.push_back(currentTime);
              secondaryparticles.push_back(asecondaryparticle);
            } else if (((const G4Ions*)(asecondaryparticle->GetDefinition()))->GetExcitationEnergy() > 0.
                                                                                           && weight > 0.) {
              // Compute the gamma
              // Generate gammas and XRays from excited nucleus, added by L.Desorgher
              G4ParticleDefinition* apartDef =asecondaryparticle->GetDefinition();
              AddDeexcitationSpectrumForBiasMode(apartDef,weight,currentTime,pw,ptime,secondaryparticles);
            }
          }
          delete tempprods;
 
        } // end of i loop
      } // end of n loop 
 
      // now deal with the secondaries in the two stl containers
      // and submmit them back to the tracking manager
      totalNumberOfSecondaries = pw.size();
      fParticleChangeForRadDecay.SetNumberOfSecondaries(totalNumberOfSecondaries);
      for (index=0; index < totalNumberOfSecondaries; index++) { 
        G4Track* secondary = new G4Track(secondaryparticles[index],
                                         ptime[index], currentPosition);
        secondary->SetGoodForTrackingFlag();       
        secondary->SetTouchableHandle(theTrack.GetTouchableHandle());
        secondary->SetWeight(pw[index]);       
        fParticleChangeForRadDecay.AddSecondary(secondary); 
      }
      // make sure the original track is set to stop and its kinematic energy collected
      // 
      //theTrack.SetTrackStatus(fStopButAlive);
      //energyDeposit += theParticle->GetKineticEnergy();
 
    } // End of Variance Reduction 
 
    // Kill the parent particle
    fParticleChangeForRadDecay.ProposeTrackStatus(fStopAndKill) ;
    fParticleChangeForRadDecay.ProposeLocalEnergyDeposit(energyDeposit); 
    fParticleChangeForRadDecay.ProposeLocalTime(finalLocalTime);
    // Reset NumberOfInteractionLengthLeft.
    ClearNumberOfInteractionLengthLeft();
 
    return &fParticleChangeForRadDecay;
  }
} 
 
 
G4DecayProducts*
G4RadioactiveDecay::DoDecay(const G4ParticleDefinition& theParticleDef)
{
  G4DecayProducts* products = 0;
  G4DecayTable* theDecayTable = GetDecayTable(&theParticleDef);
 
  // Choose a decay channel.
  // G4DecayTable::SelectADecayChannel checks to see if sum of daughter masses
  // exceeds parent mass. Pass it the parent mass + maximum Q value to account
  // for difference in mass defect.
  G4double parentPlusQ = theParticleDef.GetPDGMass() + 30.*MeV;
  G4VDecayChannel* theDecayChannel = theDecayTable->SelectADecayChannel(parentPlusQ);
  if (theDecayChannel == 0) {
    // Decay channel not found.
    G4ExceptionDescription ed;
    ed << " Cannot determine decay channel for " << theParticleDef.GetParticleName() << G4endl;
    G4Exception("G4RadioactiveDecay::DoDecay", "HAD_RDM_013",
                FatalException, ed);
  } else {
    // A decay channel has been identified, so execute the DecayIt.
#ifdef G4VERBOSE
    if (GetVerboseLevel() > 1) {
      G4cout << "G4RadioactiveDecay::DoIt : selected decay channel address:";
      G4cout << theDecayChannel << G4endl;
    }
#endif
    theRadDecayMode = (static_cast<G4NuclearDecay*>(theDecayChannel))->GetDecayMode();
    products = theDecayChannel->DecayIt(theParticleDef.GetPDGMass() );
 
    // Apply directional bias if requested by user
    CollimateDecay(products);
  }
 
  return products;
}
 
 
// Apply directional bias for "visible" daughters (e+-, gamma, n, p, alpha)
 
void G4RadioactiveDecay::CollimateDecay(G4DecayProducts* products) {
  if (origin == forceDecayDirection) return;    // No collimation requested
  if (180.*deg == forceDecayHalfAngle) return;
  if (0 == products || 0 == products->entries()) return;
 
#ifdef G4VERBOSE
  if (GetVerboseLevel() > 1) G4cout << "Begin decay collimation " << G4endl;
#endif
 
  // Particles suitable for directional biasing (for if-blocks below)
  static const G4ParticleDefinition* electron = G4Electron::Definition();
  static const G4ParticleDefinition* positron = G4Positron::Definition();
  static const G4ParticleDefinition* neutron  = G4Neutron::Definition();
  static const G4ParticleDefinition* gamma    = G4Gamma::Definition();
  static const G4ParticleDefinition* alpha    = G4Alpha::Definition();
  static const G4ParticleDefinition* triton    = G4Triton::Definition();
  static const G4ParticleDefinition* proton   = G4Proton::Definition();
 
  G4ThreeVector newDirection;       // Re-use to avoid memory churn
  for (G4int i=0; i<products->entries(); i++) {
    G4DynamicParticle* daughter = (*products)[i];
    const G4ParticleDefinition* daughterType =
                                  daughter->GetParticleDefinition();
    if (daughterType == electron || daughterType == positron ||
    daughterType == neutron || daughterType == gamma ||
    daughterType == alpha || daughterType == triton || daughterType == proton) CollimateDecayProduct(daughter);
  }
}
 
void G4RadioactiveDecay::CollimateDecayProduct(G4DynamicParticle* daughter) {
#ifdef G4VERBOSE
  if (GetVerboseLevel() > 1) {
    G4cout << "CollimateDecayProduct for daughter "
       << daughter->GetParticleDefinition()->GetParticleName() << G4endl;
  }
#endif
 
  G4ThreeVector collimate = ChooseCollimationDirection();
  if (origin != collimate) daughter->SetMomentumDirection(collimate);
}
 
 
// Choose random direction within collimation cone
 
G4ThreeVector G4RadioactiveDecay::ChooseCollimationDirection() const {
  if (origin == forceDecayDirection) return origin; // Don't do collimation
  if (forceDecayHalfAngle == 180.*deg) return origin;
 
  G4ThreeVector dir = forceDecayDirection;
 
  // Return direction offset by random throw
  if (forceDecayHalfAngle > 0.) {
    // Generate uniform direction around central axis
    G4double phi = 2.*pi*G4UniformRand();
    G4double cosMin = std::cos(forceDecayHalfAngle);
    G4double cosTheta = (1.-cosMin)*G4UniformRand() + cosMin;   // [cosMin,1.)
    
    dir.setPhi(dir.phi()+phi);
    dir.setTheta(dir.theta()+std::acos(cosTheta));
  }
 
#ifdef G4VERBOSE
  if (GetVerboseLevel()>1)
    G4cout << " ChooseCollimationDirection returns " << dir << G4endl;
#endif
 
  return dir;
}
 
// Add gamma, X-ray, conversion and auger electrons for bias mode
void
G4RadioactiveDecay::AddDeexcitationSpectrumForBiasMode(G4ParticleDefinition* apartDef,
                                        G4double weight,G4double currentTime,
                                        std::vector<double>& weights_v,
                                        std::vector<double>& times_v,
                                        std::vector<G4DynamicParticle*>& secondaries_v)
{
  G4double elevel = ((const G4Ions*)(apartDef))->GetExcitationEnergy();
  G4double life_time = apartDef->GetPDGLifeTime();
  G4ITDecay* anITChannel = 0;
 
  while (life_time < halflifethreshold && elevel > 0.) {
    anITChannel = new G4ITDecay(apartDef, 100., elevel, elevel, photonEvaporation);
    G4DecayProducts* pevap_products = anITChannel->DecayIt(0.);
    G4int nb_pevapSecondaries = pevap_products->entries();
 
    G4DynamicParticle* a_pevap_secondary = 0;
    G4ParticleDefinition* secDef = 0;
    for (G4int ind = 0; ind < nb_pevapSecondaries; ind++) {
      a_pevap_secondary = pevap_products->PopProducts();
      secDef = a_pevap_secondary->GetDefinition();
 
      if (secDef->GetBaryonNumber() > 4) {
        elevel = ((const G4Ions*)(secDef))->GetExcitationEnergy();
        life_time = secDef->GetPDGLifeTime();
        apartDef = secDef;
        if (secDef->GetPDGStable() ) {
          weights_v.push_back(weight);
          times_v.push_back(currentTime);
          secondaries_v.push_back(a_pevap_secondary);
        }
      } else {
        weights_v.push_back(weight);
        times_v.push_back(currentTime);
        secondaries_v.push_back(a_pevap_secondary);
      }
    }
 
    delete anITChannel;
  }
}