G4EmSaturation.cc

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// -------------------------------------------------------------------
//
// GEANT4 Class file
//
//
// File name:     G4EmSaturation
//
// Author:        Vladimir Ivanchenko
//
// Creation date: 18.02.2008
//
// Modifications:
//
// -------------------------------------------------------------
 
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#include "G4EmSaturation.hh"
#include "G4PhysicalConstants.hh"
#include "G4SystemOfUnits.hh"
#include "G4LossTableManager.hh"
#include "G4NistManager.hh"
#include "G4Material.hh"
#include "G4MaterialCutsCouple.hh"
#include "G4ParticleTable.hh"
 
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std::size_t G4EmSaturation::nMaterials = 0;
std::vector<G4double> G4EmSaturation::massFactors;
std::vector<G4double> G4EmSaturation::effCharges;
std::vector<G4double> G4EmSaturation::g4MatData;
std::vector<G4String> G4EmSaturation::g4MatNames;
 
G4EmSaturation::G4EmSaturation(G4int verb) 
{
  verbose = verb;
  nWarnings = nG4Birks = 0;
 
  electron = nullptr;
  proton   = nullptr;
  nist     = G4NistManager::Instance();
  InitialiseG4Saturation();
}
 
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G4EmSaturation::~G4EmSaturation() = default;
 
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G4double G4EmSaturation::VisibleEnergyDeposition(
                                      const G4ParticleDefinition* p, 
                                      const G4MaterialCutsCouple* couple, 
                                      G4double length,
                                      G4double edep,
                                      G4double niel) const
{
  // no energy deposition
  if(edep <= 0.0) { return 0.0; }
 
  // zero step length may happens only if step limiter process
  // is applied, in that case saturation should not be applied
  if(length <= 0.0) { return edep; }
 
  G4double evis = edep;
  G4double bfactor = couple->GetMaterial()->GetIonisation()->GetBirksConstant();
 
  if(bfactor > 0.0) { 
 
    // atomic relaxations for gamma incident
    if(22 ==  p->GetPDGEncoding()) {
      //G4cout << "%% gamma edep= " << edep/keV << " keV " << G4endl; 
      evis /= (1.0 + bfactor*edep/
        G4LossTableManager::Instance()->GetRange(electron,edep,couple));
 
      // energy loss
    } else {
 
      // protections
      G4double nloss = std::max(niel, 0.0);
      G4double eloss = edep - nloss;
 
      // neutrons and neutral hadrons
      if(0.0 == p->GetPDGCharge() || eloss < 0.0) {
        nloss = edep;
        eloss = 0.0;
      } else {
 
    // continues energy loss
    eloss /= (1.0 + bfactor*eloss/length); 
      }
      // non-ionizing energy loss
      if(nloss > 0.0) {
        std::size_t idx = couple->GetMaterial()->GetIndex();
        G4double escaled = nloss*massFactors[idx];
    /*        
        G4cout << "%% p edep= " << nloss/keV << " keV  Escaled= " 
               << escaled << " MeV  in " << couple->GetMaterial()->GetName()
               << "  " << p->GetParticleName() 
               << G4endl;
    G4cout << proton->GetParticleName() << G4endl;
    */
        G4double range = G4LossTableManager::Instance()
          ->GetRange(proton,escaled,couple)/effCharges[idx]; 
        nloss /= (1.0 + bfactor*nloss/range);
      }
      evis = eloss + nloss;
    }
  }
  return evis;
}
 
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void G4EmSaturation::InitialiseG4Saturation()
{
  if(nMaterials == G4Material::GetNumberOfMaterials()) { return; }
  nMaterials = G4Material::GetNumberOfMaterials();
  massFactors.resize(nMaterials, 1.0);
  effCharges.resize(nMaterials, 1.0);
 
  if(0 == nG4Birks) {  InitialiseG4materials(); }
 
  for(std::size_t i=0; i<nMaterials; ++i) {
    InitialiseBirksCoefficient((*G4Material::GetMaterialTable())[i]);
  }
  if(verbose > 0) { DumpBirksCoefficients(); }
}
 
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G4double G4EmSaturation::FindG4BirksCoefficient(const G4Material* mat)
{
  if(0 == nG4Birks) {  InitialiseG4materials(); }
 
  G4String name = mat->GetName();
  // is this material in the vector?
  
  for(G4int j=0; j<nG4Birks; ++j) {
    if(name == g4MatNames[j]) {
      if(verbose > 0) 
        G4cout << "### G4EmSaturation::FindG4BirksCoefficient for "
               << name << " is " << g4MatData[j]*MeV/mm << " mm/MeV "
               << G4endl;
      return g4MatData[j];
    }
  }
  return 0.0;
}
 
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void G4EmSaturation::InitialiseBirksCoefficient(const G4Material* mat)
{
  // electron and proton should exist in any case
  if(nullptr == electron) {
    electron = G4ParticleTable::GetParticleTable()->FindParticle("e-");
    proton = G4ParticleTable::GetParticleTable()->FindParticle("proton");
    if(nullptr == electron) {
      G4Exception("G4EmSaturation::InitialiseBirksCoefficient", "em0001",
          FatalException, "electron should exist");
    }
  }
 
  G4double curBirks = mat->GetIonisation()->GetBirksConstant();
 
  G4String name = mat->GetName();
 
  // material has no Birks coeffitient defined
  // seach in the Geant4 list
  if(curBirks == 0.0) {
    for(G4int j=0; j<nG4Birks; ++j) {
      if(name == g4MatNames[j]) {
        mat->GetIonisation()->SetBirksConstant(g4MatData[j]);
        curBirks = g4MatData[j];
        break;
      }
    }
  }
 
  if(curBirks == 0.0) { return; }
 
  // compute mean mass ratio
  G4double curRatio = 0.0;
  G4double curChargeSq = 0.0;
  G4double norm = 0.0;
  const G4ElementVector* theElementVector = mat->GetElementVector();
  const G4double* theAtomNumDensityVector = mat->GetVecNbOfAtomsPerVolume();
  std::size_t nelm = mat->GetNumberOfElements();
  for (std::size_t i=0; i<nelm; ++i) {
    const G4Element* elm = (*theElementVector)[i];
    G4int Z = elm->GetZasInt();
    G4double w = theAtomNumDensityVector[i];
    curRatio += w/nist->GetAtomicMassAmu(Z);
    curChargeSq += (Z*Z)*w;
    norm += w;
  }
  if ( norm > 0.0) { norm = 1.0/norm; }
  curRatio *= (CLHEP::proton_mass_c2*norm);
  curChargeSq *= norm;
 
  // store results
  std::size_t idx = mat->GetIndex();
  massFactors[idx] = curRatio;
  effCharges[idx] = curChargeSq;
}
 
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void G4EmSaturation::DumpBirksCoefficients()
{
  G4cout << "### Birks coefficients used in run time" << G4endl;
  const G4MaterialTable* mtable = G4Material::GetMaterialTable();
  for(std::size_t i=0; i<nMaterials; ++i) {
    const G4Material* mat = (*mtable)[i];
    G4double br = mat->GetIonisation()->GetBirksConstant();
    if(br > 0.0) {
      G4cout << "   " << mat->GetName() << "     " 
         << br*MeV/mm << " mm/MeV" << "     "
         << br*mat->GetDensity()*MeV*cm2/g 
         << " g/cm^2/MeV  massFactor=  " << massFactors[i]  
         << " effCharge= " << effCharges[i] << G4endl;
    }
  }
}
 
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void G4EmSaturation::DumpG4BirksCoefficients()
{
  if(nG4Birks > 0) {
    G4cout << "### Birks coefficients for Geant4 materials" << G4endl;
    for(G4int i=0; i<nG4Birks; ++i) {
      G4cout << "   " << g4MatNames[i] << "   " 
             << g4MatData[i]*MeV/mm << " mm/MeV" << G4endl;
    }
  }
}
 
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void G4EmSaturation::InitialiseG4materials()
{
  nG4Birks = 4;
  g4MatData.reserve(nG4Birks);
 
  // M.Hirschberg et al., IEEE Trans. Nuc. Sci. 39 (1992) 511
  // SCSN-38 kB = 0.00842 g/cm^2/MeV; rho = 1.06 g/cm^3
  g4MatNames.push_back("G4_POLYSTYRENE");
  g4MatData.push_back(0.07943*mm/MeV);
 
  // C.Fabjan (private communication)
  // kB = 0.006 g/cm^2/MeV; rho = 7.13 g/cm^3
  g4MatNames.push_back("G4_BGO");
  g4MatData.push_back(0.008415*mm/MeV);
 
  // A.Ribon analysis of publications
  // Scallettar et al., Phys. Rev. A25 (1982) 2419.
  // NIM A 523 (2004) 275. 
  // kB = 0.022 g/cm^2/MeV; rho = 1.396 g/cm^3; 
  // ATLAS Efield = 10 kV/cm provide the strongest effect
  // kB = 0.1576*mm/MeV
  // A. Kiryunin and P.Strizenec "Geant4 hadronic 
  // working group meeting " kB = 0.041/9.13 g/cm^2/MeV  
  g4MatNames.push_back("G4_lAr");
  g4MatData.push_back(0.032*mm/MeV);
 
  //G4_BARIUM_FLUORIDE
  //G4_CESIUM_IODIDE
  //G4_GEL_PHOTO_EMULSION
  //G4_PHOTO_EMULSION
  //G4_PLASTIC_SC_VINYLTOLUENE
  //G4_SODIUM_IODIDE
  //G4_STILBENE
  //G4_lAr
 
  //G4_PbWO4 - CMS value
  g4MatNames.push_back("G4_PbWO4");
  g4MatData.push_back(0.0333333*mm/MeV);
 
  //G4_Lucite
 
}
 
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